The two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures are considered to have the potential to be applied to a new generation of photodetectors due to its unique two-dimensional layered structure and excellent photoresponse properties. The 2D material family is rich in variety, because of its wide band gap distribution, the photoresponse can cover the range from ultraviolet to infrared. Since the two- dimensional material layers are combined by van der Waals force, theoretically, it is possible to use the van der Waals force interaction between different two-dimensional material layers to prepare a variety of 2D heterostructures with excellent performance. In recent years, a variety of 2D heterostructures have been fabricated by mechanical stacking and CVD growth methods, and the 2D heterostructures photodetectors show excellent performance in the visible to far-infrared band. According to this research background, this paper reviews the research progress on 2D heterostructure photodetectors in recent years from the aspects of preparation of 2D heterostructures, the device preparation, and the device performance.