Fig. 1. Principle of micromanipulation: (a) Droplet condensation; (b) pick-up.

Fig. 2. Model of droplet growth.

Fig. 3. Droplet movement induced by temperature gradient.

Fig. 4. Schematic of pinning effect.

Fig. 5. Growth processes during droplet condensation: (a) t = 7 s; (b) t = 11 s; (c) t = 13 s; (d) t = 50 s; (e) t = 120 s; (f) t = 180 s.

Fig. 6. Droplet volume varying with time.

Fig. 7. Processes of droplet condensation: (a) Asymmetric growth in the initial stage; (b) 40 μm offset; (c) 13 μm offset; (d) symmetrical growth in the initial stage; (e) two symmetrical droplets; (f) one symmetrical droplet.

Fig. 8. Contact angle change under pinning effect.

Fig. 9. Droplet condensation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface: (a) Droplet condensation on the hydrophilic surface; (b) droplet sliding; (c) microstructures on hydrophobic surface; (d) and (e) a stable droplet is formed on the hydrophobic surface.

Fig. 10. Micromanipulation experiments: (a) Droplet formation; (b) pick-up.