Fig. 1. Sampled 253 residential quarters in Shanghai

Fig. 2. Kernel densities of single-nucleated patterns in city center and suburbs

Fig. 3. Kernel densities of three ribbon-shaped patterns

Fig. 4. Kernel densities of dual-nucleated patterns

Fig. 5. Kernel densities of multi-nucleated and decentralized patterns in city center and suburbs

Fig. 6. Spatial distribution of the patterns

Fig. 7. Spatial distribution of ribbon-shaped sub-patterns

Fig. 8. Average commuting distance of different patterns

Fig. 9. Principal attraction areas of different employment centers (central city, new towns, Pudong)

Fig. 10. Commuting patterns in principal attraction areas of different job centers (central city, new towns, Pudong)

Fig. 11. Employment spatial patterns for typical quarters with different distances from the subway station

Fig. 12. Employment spatial patterns for three resettlement residential quarters

Fig. 13. Employment spatial patterns for villa and regular residential quarters

Fig. 14. Dominant factors and referred area