To dynamically measure a two-dimensional rotation angle and overcome the shortcomings of a complicated structure and high costs, a method based on laser collimation was proposed and a measurement system was established. First, a method was proposed based on the key measurement requirements. A collimated laser was used as a measurement datum and a remote position detector as a detection device. Second, a measurement system was developed, each module was designed, and the main modules were optimized. Third, the model was established completely after an algorithm was produced. Finally, tests were performed and the obtained data were analyzed within ± 2°. The experimental results show that the stability of the system is positive, the measurement repeatability error is 1 μrad, the X-and Y-axis nonlinearity errors are 1.8% and 1.7%, respectively, and the dynamic band response frequency is better than 200 Hz within ± 0.01°. The study confirms that the system basically offers high precision, high repeatability, high stability, and a dynamic measurement of a two-dimensional rotation angle.