According to the requirement of atmospheric environment monitoring and forecasting, a kind of near ultraviolet nadir imaging spectrometer which meets the requirements of optical system is designed. First, according to the given optical system, the overall configuration of the device is designed, and the primary mirror and secondary mirror are optimized by variable density topology, and the layout function of each module is designed. Then, the finite element simulation analysis is carried out for the scheme, and the optical, mechanical, and thermal integration analysis is carried out for the equipment system. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out. The experimental results show that the first order frequency of the device is greater than 100 Hz; the largest magnification of sine vibration test is 1.04; maximum error of random vibration test results is 4.72%; the spectral characteristics of the equipment are consistent before and after the mechanical experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed structural design meets the technical requirements, and provides a new reference for the structural design of near ultraviolet nadir imaging spectrometer in the future.