Fig. 1. XRD patterns before and after electron beam irradiation (a) and the peak patterns corresponding to about 17° (b) (color online)

Fig. 2. (a), (b), and (c) are the cross-sectional SEM images of the original LLZTO, irradiated with 250 kGy and 500 kGy, respectively, the illustrations are digital maps of the respective objects

Fig. 3. (a) and (b) are the Raman spectra of LLZTO electrolyte before and after irradiation and the Li⁺ diffusion energy barrier under DFT calculation, respectively (color online)

Fig. 4. (a) and (c) are the EIS impedance spectra of the original LLZTO, irradiated 250 kGy, irradiated 500 kGy at room temperature and 5 ℃ respectively; (b) and (d) are the Arrhenius plot and electron conductivity (EC) plot of the ionic conductivity of the original LLZTO, irradiated 250 kGy and irradiated 500 kGy, respectively (color online)