Fig. 1. Locations of the study area and 0.12 m resolution DEM

Fig. 2. The terrain frequency characteristic signal about Lanzhou Dalingxian region with 1 m resolution and 75 m×75 m area(wavelength=1/frequency)

Fig. 3. Comparison of hill shade with different resolution and schematic diagram of valley spacing measurement

Fig. 4. The terrain frequency against the regression line slope about Heihe zhengyixia region with 1-10 m resolution and 650 m×580 m area

Fig. 5. The terrain frequency characteristic signal about Lanzhou Dalingxian region with different resolution and 1414 m×2071 m area

Fig. 6. The terrain distribution ranges about different areas with 1 m resolution

Fig. 7. The terrain frequency against the regression line slope about different areas with 1 m resolution