Fig. 1. Experimental setup for measuring the response process of electrowetting liquid lens

Fig. 2. Response results of liquid lens driven by sinusoidal signal with frequency of 330 Hz and amplitude of 23.2 V. (a) Low frequency sinusoidal drive signal; (b) response signal of liquid lens and its decomposition; (c) square of driving voltage and time domain signal of high frequency filtering of response signal; (d) square of driving voltage and frequency spectrum of high frequency filtering of response signal

Fig. 3. Response results of liquid lens driven by sinusoidal signal with frequency of 930 Hz and amplitude of 23.2 V. (a) High frequency sinusoidal driving signal; (b) response signal of liquid lens; (c) response waveform signal of liquid lens at the moment of loading voltage; (d) response waveform signal of liquid lens at the moment of removing voltage

Fig. 4. Response signals of liquid lens during loading and unloading of sinusoidal voltage with different amplitudes. (a) Response signals of liquid lens driven by different voltages; (b) response signals of liquid lens driven by different voltages at the moment of loading voltage; (c) response signals of liquid lens driven by different voltages at the moment of removing voltage

Fig. 5. Relationship between recoil amplitude and input voltage amplitude during voltage loading and unloading. (a) Relationship between ΔU_ur and ΔU_rr and driving voltage amplitude; (b) relationship between ΔU and driving voltage amplitude; (c) relationship between ΔU_ur/ΔU and ΔU_rr/ΔU and driving voltage amplitude; (d) relationship between ΔT₁, ΔT₂, Δt₁,_{and Δt2 and driving voltage amplitude}