Fig. 1. Basic concept and connotation of polarization integrated detector imaging

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of the quantum well infrared detector and polarization response test spectrum ^[5]; (b) Schematic diagram of the mid infrared structure of type II superlattice and polarization response spectrum ^[6]; (c) Optical field distribution diagram and SEM diagram of the integrated plasma microcavity quantum well infrared detector^[7]; (d) Structural diagram and SEM diagram of the integrated non centrosymmetric uniform elliptical array uncooled infrared sensor^[8]; (e) Schematic diagram and polarization selective enhanced spectrum of the InGaAsP quantum well photodetectors with the integrated non-uniform photonic crystal structure ^[9]

Fig. 3. (a) Schematic diagram of the circular polarization photodetector integrated with chiral materials and semiconductors ^[10]; (b) Schematic diagram of the linear polarization and circularly polarized light converting each other into super surface materials ^[11]; (c) Theoretical model of the MWIR polarization detector with monolithic integrated surface metamaterial ^[12-14]; (d) Symmetry design of the circular polarization structure; (e) Design of the T-shaped structural unit parameters; (f) The geometric design of the devices includes annular, semi annular, and L-shaped designs; (g) Devices achieve highly selective photoelectric response ^[15-16]

Fig. 4. (a) 1024 × 4 near-infrared InGaAs polarization detectors integrated into the subwavelength metal grating structures ^[17-19]; (b) 512 × 4 × 3 superlattice long wave infrared polarization integrated detector

Fig. 5. (a) Physical diagram and structural schematic diagram of the HgCdTe long wave infrared focal plane polarization integrated chip and the polarization extinction ratio test ^[20]; (b) 2 k × 2 k InSb medium wave infrared polarization integrated detection chip with a pixel center distance of 20 μm and micro area light field distribution; (c) Schematic diagram and extinction ratio test of the real-time focal plane CCD polarization imaging sensor directly integrated with the metal grating; (d) Structural diagram and extinction ratio test of the quantum well very long wave polarization integrated detector^[30]

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the division of focal plane polarization sensor IMX250 MZR ^[31]

Fig. 7. Schematic of the polarization grating design and the relationship between the extinction ratio and the grating structural parameters (period, linewidth, height)

Fig. 8. Relationship between the extinction ratio (a) the light absorption (b) and the incident angle; (c) Extinction ratio and distance between the polarizer and photosensitizer; (d) Different distances (5 μm, 50 μm, 200 μm) light field distribution^[39]

Fig. 9. The main process of preparing the submicron polarization gratings. (a) Lift-off method; (b) Etching method

Fig. 10. SEM images of the gratings with different polarization angles. (a) 0°, 60°, 120° polarization direction grating; (b) 0°, 45°, 90°, 135˚ polarization direction grating; (c) Grating polarization light transmittance without and with antireflection film; (d) Polarization extinction ratio of the grating ^[39]

Fig. 11. (a) Schematic diagram of the polarization integrated detector testing system^[20]; (b) 512 × 4 × 3 InAs/GaSb superlattice long wave infrared polarization integrated focal plane chips and module; (c) Polarization extinction ratio test results of module ^[39]

Fig. 12. (a) Intensity imaging; (b) Degree of polarization imaging; (c) Angle of polarization imaging; (d) HSV pseudo color imaging; (e) Optimization algorithm HSV pseudo color imaging; (f) Optimal algorithm HSV pseudo color imaging^[46]

Fig. 13. Comparison of the long wave infrared polarization imaging with the visible and infrared intensity imaging results for small remote control unmanned aerial vehicles ^[57]

Fig. 14. Comparison of the infrared polarization imaging and the infrared intensity imaging results between two trucks under tree shade ^[58]

Fig. 15. Comparison of the long wave infrared polarization imaging and infrared intensity imaging for landmines^[59]

Fig. 16. Comparison of the long wave infrared polarization imaging and the infrared intensity imaging for the ship targets

Fig. 17. Comparison facial recognition of the traditional infrared thermal imaging and the polarization imaging

Fig. 18. Schematic diagram of the polarization recognition network. Polarization oriented branches and main branches are perceived and fused with the road area feature module, and fed back to the control head center for intelligent decision-making

Fig. 19. Comparison of the traditional infrared thermal imaging and the polarization imaging for detecting oil spills on the sea surface^[53]

Fig. 20. Comparison of the traditional OCT imaging with the fluorescence polarization imaging and the polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging^[63]