Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 3, 0304001(2024)
Response Nonlinear Calibration of Solar Blind Phototube Detection System Using Indirect Method
Figures & Tables(15)
Fig. 2. Response nonlinear calibration results of solar blind phototube detection system
Fig. 3. Change of relative spectral radiance of xenon lamp light source with time
Fig. 4. Linear fitting results of response photocurrents of reference detector and detector to be tested
Fig. 5. Correlated coefficient, original response photocurrent, and relative error of response photocurrents of detector to be tested and reference detector. (a) Correlated coefficient; (b) original response photocurrent values; (c) relative error
Fig. 6. Experimental results of reference detector and light source current changes. (a) Linear fitting result; (b) response nonlinear calibration results; (c) current change of light source over time
Table 1. Parameters of Si photodiode S2281 and phototube R6800U-11[25-26]
View tableTable 1. Parameters of Si photodiode S2281 and phototube R6800U-11[25-26]
Parameter S2281 R6800U-11 Spectral response range /nm 190 to 1100 160 to 350 Photocathode material Si Cs-Te Dark current /pA 50@VR=10 mV and 25 ℃ 1 Recommended operating voltage /V — 15 Ambient temperature /℃ -10 to 60 -80 to 50 Radiant sensitivity /（A/W） 0.12@200 nm and 25 ℃ 0.02@254 nm and 25 ℃ Input window material Quartz Quartz Active area size /mm 11.3 8
Table 2. Characteristic parameters of 6485 picoammeter (Keithley)[27]
View tableTable 2. Characteristic parameters of 6485 picoammeter (Keithley)[27]
Range 5¹/₂ digit default resolution Accuracy（1YR）±（% RDG.+ offset）18-28 °C，0-70% RH Typical RMS noise Analog rise time
（10% to 90%）
2 nA 10 fA 0.4%+400 fA 20 fA 8 ms 20 nA 100 fA 0.4%+1 pA 100 fA 8 ms 200 nA 1 pA 0.2%+10 pA 1 pA 500 μs 2 μA 10 pA 0.15%+100 pA 10 pA 500 μs 20 μA 100 pA 0.1%+1 nA 100 pA 500 μs 200 μA 1 nA 0.1%+10 nA 1 nA 500 μs 2 mA 10 nA 0.1%+100 nA 10 nA 500 μs 20 mA 100 nA 0.1%+1 μA 100 nA 500 μs
Table 3. Relative response values and relative error at each measurement point
View tableTable 3. Relative response values and relative error at each measurement point
Measurement point Response photocurrent of S2281 /A Response photocurrent of R6800U-11 /A Relative responsivity Relative error /% 1 9.314×10-12 1.384×10-12 0.149 -1.056 2 4.641×10-11 6.374×10-12 0.137 6.591 3 2.053×10-10 2.806×10-11 0.137 7.062 4 2.128×10-9 2.965×10-10 0.139 5.268 5 1.207×10-8 1.718×10-9 0.142 3.210 6 4.863×10-8 7.034×10-9 0.145 1.639 7 1.369×10-7 1.979×10-8 0.145 1.676 8 2.662×10-7 3.934×10-8 0.148 -0.505 9 3.719×10-7 5.484×10-8 0.147 -0.270 10 4.308×10-7 6.330×10-8 0.147 0.073 11 4.500×10-7 6.610×10-8 0.147 0.122
Table 4. Influence of dark background noise on measured values of each measurement point
View tableTable 4. Influence of dark background noise on measured values of each measurement point
Measurement point Measured value of R6800U-11 /% Measured value of S2281 /% 1 180.9796 1.7538 2 39.2955 0.3520 3 8.9255 0.0795 4 0.8448 0.0070 5 0.1458 0.0012 6 0.0328 0.0012 7 0.0117 0.0004 8 0.0067 0.0002 9 0.0048 0.0002 10 0.0042 0.0001 11 0.0040 0.0001
Table 5. Influence of noise on measured values of each measurement point
View tableTable 5. Influence of noise on measured values of each measurement point
Measurement point Measured value of R6800U-11 /% Measured value of S2281 /% 1 146.804 1.850 2 20.055 0.700 3 5.131 0.573 4 1.073 0.473 5 0.464 0.418 6 0.360 0.361 7 0.313 0.285 8 0.208 0.205 9 0.170 0.165 10 0.162 0.158 11 0.157 0.152
Table 6. Root mean square values of noise at each measuring point
View tableTable 6. Root mean square values of noise at each measuring point
Measurement point Root mean square value of R6800U-11 /A Root mean square value of S2281 /A 1 2.032×10-12 1.723×10-13 2 1.278×10-12 3.246×10-13 3 1.440×10-12 1.176×10-12 4 3.181×10-12 1.006×10-11 5 7.967×10-12 5.043×10-11 6 2.534×10-11 1.754×10-10 7 6.184×10-11 3.896×10-10 8 8.168×10-11 5.457×10-10 9 9.301×10-11 6.147×10-10 10 1.027×10-10 6.812×10-10 11 1.036×10-10 6.853×10-10
Table 7. Data of nonlinear correction factor for various response photo current
View tableTable 7. Data of nonlinear correction factor for various response photo current
Photo current /A Nonlinear correction factor Relative standard deviation /% Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 1.239×10-9 0.993 0.993 0.990 0.997 0.993 0.994 0.990 0.995 0.222 7.087×10-9 1.000 0.997 0.995 0.998 0.997 1.008 0.994 0.997 0.422 2.873×10-8 1.001 0.998 1.002 0.998 1.000 1.001 1.005 0.995 0.296 7.833×10-8 1.001 1.000 1.002 0.998 1.000 1.003 1.003 1.001 0.158 1.527×10-7 1.003 1.001 1.001 1.001 1.003 1.001 1.000 1.001 0.108 2.140×10-7 0.998 1.000 1.002 1.000 1.002 0.999 0.999 1.001 0.151 2.494×10-7 1.001 0.998 1.001 0.999 1.001 1.002 1.000 1.000 0.127 2.647×10-7 0.997 1.001 0.999 0.999 0.999 1.001 1.003 0.997 0.212
Table 8. Data of nonlinear correction factor for each measurement point
View tableTable 8. Data of nonlinear correction factor for each measurement point
Measurement point Nonlinear correction factor Relative standard deviation /% Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 1 1.180 0.934 0.752 1.148 0.670 1.425 0.928 1.049 24.107 2 0.978 0.913 0.898 0.971 0.933 — 0.901 0.949 3.471 3 0.930 0.927 0.927 0.934 0.920 0.946 0.927 0.929 0.826 4 0.949 0.946 0.946 0.949 0.948 0.949 0.948 0.948 0.139 5 0.968 0.967 0.968 0.970 0.969 0.969 0.969 0.968 0.098 6 0.982 0.983 0.984 0.986 0.985 0.985 0.985 0.984 0.123 7 0.981 0.984 0.985 0.985 0.984 0.985 0.984 0.984 0.129 8 1.001 1.004 1.006 1.007 1.007 1.008 1.007 1.007 0.242 9 0.998 1.001 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 0.256 10 0.995 0.998 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.002 1.002 1.001 0.259 11 0.994 0.998 0.999 1.000 1.001 1.001 1.001 1.001 0.241
Table 9. Combined uncertainty of measurement system
View tableTable 9. Combined uncertainty of measurement system
Influence factor Uncertainty /% Surface nonuniformity（integrating sphere） 0.800 Angle nonuniformity（integrating sphere） 0.500 Standard detector 0.422 Repeatability 0.259 Dark background 0.845 Standard transfer process 0.473 Detection system to be tested（phototube，picoammeter，source meter） 1.073 Combined uncertainty 1.795 Expanded uncertainty（confidence factor k=2） 3.591
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Hanhui Cao, Hongyao Chen, Wenxin Huang, Jiawei Li. Response Nonlinear Calibration of Solar Blind Phototube Detection System Using Indirect Method[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(3): 0304001
Paper Information
Category: Detectors
Received: Sep. 1, 2023
Accepted: Nov. 10, 2023
Published Online: Feb. 29, 2024
The Author Email: Chen Hongyao (hychen@aiofm.ac.cn)
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