High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Volume. 10, Issue 2, 02000e11(2022)
A high-pinning-Type-II superconducting maglev for ICF target delivery: main principles, material options and demonstration models On the Cover
Fig. 1. Assembly of the HTSC-sabot + target, or HTSC-projectile (not to scale): (a) 1 – HTSC-housing, 2 – polymer insert with a target nest on its top, 3 – MgB2 driving coils, 4 – cryogenic target; (b) 5 – mock-up of the HTSC-housing made from superconducting ceramics, ρ = 4 g/cm3[4,5], 6 – hole for the polymer insert; (c) 7 – target shell, 8 – solid fuel layer, 9 – vapor fuel.
Fig. 2. Comparative efficiency chart of two principally different approaches: (a) traditional (target mounted onto the holder, or one-of-a-kind technique for today’s ICF experiments); (b) free-standing targets, or FST approach, for mass target fabrication under high repetition rate conditions.
Fig. 3. The HTSC-sabots used in the experiments: (a) Sabot #1 (mass is 1.25 g); (b) Sabot #1 with liquid nitrogen inside in the round PMG-1; (c) Sabot #1 levitation with a load capacity of three cylindrical surrogate targets (1.1 g each) in the round PMG-2; (d): Sabot #2 (mass is 1 g) with a polymer foam inside (shown on the right); (e) Sabot #2 acceleration in the inclined linear PMG.
Fig. 4. Repulsion and attraction forces produced by interaction in an HTSC sample: 1 – a piece of YBCO ceramics with dimensions of 1.6 mm × 1.6 mm × 2.2 mm and a mass of 24 mg; 2 – PMG system. The HTSC sample can be suspended above the magnet (a), in the center of it (b) and below the magnet (c).
Fig. 5. Quantum locking as a promising method for target assembly, known as ‘hohlraum’ targets: (a) PS shell (1) with a deposited YCBO-layer at
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the magnetic track construction: (a) N-S-N elementary block; (b) linear N-S-N magnets arranged in three rows forming a linear track (figure taken from Ref. [11]).
Fig. 7. POP experiments for testing a one-stage linear accelerator: (a) general view of the PMG with only one gap at a length of 24 cm (1 – field coil, 2 – HTSC-sabot (300 K), 3 – gap between the magnets covered in the middle with an iron collector (4), 5 – iron base, 6 – permanent magnets); (b) Sabot #1 at the end of the magnetic track; (c) Sabot #1 during acceleration in the middle of the magnetic track, where the load capacity is six spherical polymer shells of about 0.6 mg each (tandem sabot); (d)–(f) freeze frames of the video recording of Sabot #2 acceleration (view from above).
Fig. 8. Freeze frames of a Sabot #1 jump under the electromagnetic pulse action (
Fig. 9. Experimental illustration of the characteristics of the HTSC-PMG maglev linear system: (a) schematic diagram, 1 – field coil, 2 – HTSC-sabot, 3 – PMG system, 4 – magnetic brake (if it is required by the experimental conditions, the system can have left- and right-hand brakes, or one of them, or none); (b) an option of the brake placement in the PMG system; (c) no co-linearity between elements 1 and 2; (d) and (e) collinear element arrangement; (f)–(h) oscillations of Sabot #1 between two brakes under mechanical drive pulse.
Fig. 10. Acceleration length
Fig. 11. A round PMG system to provide a stable cyclic motion of the HTSC-sabot about the
Fig. 12. The
Fig. 13. Quantum locking based on the flux pinning effect makes the HTSC-sabot orientation fixed in space so that it will not re-orient itself without any external action (the HTSC-sabot temperature is ~ 80 K).
Fig. 14. Freeze frames of the Sabot #2 rotation along a fixed trajectory (
Fig. 15. Freeze frames of the rotation movement of Sabot #1 along a changing trajectory (
Fig. 16. The round PMG system with magnetic propulsion (
Fig. 17. An option of the cyclic HTSC-maglev accelerator for target delivery at the laser focus: 1 – HTSC-projectile (HTSC-sabot + target), 2 – TLS, 3 – start (input) coil, 4 – field coils, 5 – magnetic rail, 6 – brake (output) coil, 7 – used HTSC-sabot, 8 – SCS, 9 – target after separation from the HTSC-sabot, 10 – tracking system; 11 – to the reaction chamber. In this scheme, the start (3) and brake (6) coils can play the role of the field coils (4), which simplifies the accelerator design. The HTSC-sabot (7) can be reused again and again in the target delivery system.
Fig. 18. An oval-shaped PMG with a length of 22 cm and a width of 9.5 cm was build up from four individual tracks to alternate acceleration (track 1) and rotary functions (track 2), having four gaps between them (3): (a) general view of the PMG system; (b) magnetic field mapping by MFV film; (c) Sabot #1 (with liquid nitrogen inside,
Fig. 19. First experiments with an oval-shaped PMG without any gaps (‘one-piece’ design or non-composite magnet): (a) stable levitation of Sabot #2 (
Fig. 20. The magnetic force field
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I. V. Aleksandrova, E. R. Koresheva, E. L. Koshelev. A high-pinning-Type-II superconducting maglev for ICF target delivery: main principles, material options and demonstration models[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2022, 10(2): 02000e11
Category: Research Articles
Received: Dec. 3, 2021
Accepted: Jan. 24, 2022
Published Online: Apr. 19, 2022
The Author Email: E. R. Koresheva (elena.koresheva@gmail.com)