Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 8, 0828006(2024)

Mapping Research Based on Solid-State LiDAR Fusion with 2D LiDAR

Tianxiang Zhang1,2, Liming Cai2、*, Chuanyun Ouyang1,2, Xiankai Cheng2, and Shuhao Yan1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • 2Rehabilitation Engineering Department, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China
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    Figures & Tables(15)
    Sensor layout diagram
    Map fusion block diagram
    Conversion of point cloud to laser scan
    Odomtry fusion block diagram
    Mobile robot
    Experimental site
    Comparison of robot and obstacles
    Original map
    Fusion map
    Test 1 of odometer
    Test 2 of odometer
    • Table 1. RPLIDAR A1 parameter

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      Table 1. RPLIDAR A1 parameter

      ParameterValue
      Measuring radius /m0.15‒12
      Scanned area /(°)360
      Sampling frequency8K
      Scanning frequency /Hz5.5‒10
      Angular resolution /(°)≤1
      Ranging accuracy1% of actual distance(≤3 m)
      2% of actual distance(3‒5 m)
      2.5% of actual distance(5‒12 m)
    • Table 2. HPS-3D160 parameter

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      Table 2. HPS-3D160 parameter

      ParameterValue
      Measuring range /m

      0.25-3

      (10% reflectance)

      0.25-8

      (90% reflectance)

      Resolution ratio160 × 60
      FOV /(°×°)76 × 32
      Ranging accuracy /cm± 2
      Scanning frequency /Hz35(max)
    • Table 3. Odometer measurement results and error

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      Table 3. Odometer measurement results and error

      Test No.MethodABCDRMSE
      Test 1Mark(5.43,2.58)(-3.86,10.00)(-3.86,-12.32)(0.00,0.00)
      My_Odom(5.29,2.54)(-3.88,9.86)(-2.97,-12.00)(0.50,0.21)0.55
      WO+IMU(5.30,2.44)(-4.18,9.78)(-2.83,-12.04)(0.32,0.22)0.61
      WO+LO+IMU(5.29,2.53)(-4.26,9.37)(-2.62,-12.01)(0.34,0.36)0.78
      Test 2Mark(5.49,2.37)(-3.86,9.64)(-3.86,-12.18)(0.00,0.00)
      My_Odom(5.28,2.47)(-3.90,9.42)(-3.60,-11.98)(0.11,0.00)0.24
      WO+IMU(5.29,2.38)(-4.02,9.32)(-3.19,-12.04)(0.18,-0.05)0.41
      WO+LO+IMU(5.30,2.47)(-4.09,8.73)(-2.93,-12.70)(0.29,-0.62)0.80
      Test 3Mark(5.44,2.52)(-3.86,16.00)(-3.76,-4.50)(0.00,0.00)
      My_Odom(5.28,2.51)(-4.11,15.79)(-3.29,-4.09)(0.25,0.08)0.38
      WO+IMU(5.28,2.43)(-4.18,15.89)(-3.38,-3.96)(0.18,0.16)0.40
      WO+LO+IMU(5.28,2.52)(-4.29,14.66)(-3.23,-4.88)(0.33,-0.71)0.87
    • Table 4. Average error of odometer measurement results

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      Table 4. Average error of odometer measurement results

      MethodMy_OdomWO+IMUWO+LO+IMU
      Average RMSE0.390.470.82
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    Tianxiang Zhang, Liming Cai, Chuanyun Ouyang, Xiankai Cheng, Shuhao Yan. Mapping Research Based on Solid-State LiDAR Fusion with 2D LiDAR[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(8): 0828006

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    Paper Information

    Category: Remote Sensing and Sensors

    Received: Jun. 8, 2023

    Accepted: Aug. 8, 2023

    Published Online: Mar. 15, 2024

    The Author Email: Cai Liming (cailm@sibet.ac.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP231481

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