Fig. 1. Macro morphology of laser cladding coating. (a) Free graphene; (b) 1% graphene; (c) 2% graphene; (d) 3% graphene

Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction pattern of the coating

Fig. 3. Position of energy spectrum analysis for coating. (a) Position 1; (b) position 2; (c) position 3

Fig. 4. BSE morphology of coating interface. (a) Free graphene; (b) 1% graphene; (c) 2% graphene; (d) 3% graphene

Fig. 5. Cross-sectional line scanning of coating

Fig. 6. BSE photo of Ti-C-Nb coating cross section. (a) Bottom part of coating; (b) middle part of coating; (c) top part of coating

Fig. 7. BSE ptoto of Ti-C-Nb graphene at bottom of Ti-C-Nb-graphene coating cross section. (a) 1% graphene;

Fig. 8. BSE photo of Ti-C-Nb-graphene at middle of coating cross section. (a) 1% graphene; (b) 2% graphene; (c) 3% graphene

Fig. 9. BSE photo of Ti-C-Nb-graphene at top of coating cross section. (a) 1% graphene; (b) 2% graphene; (c) 3% graphene

Fig. 10. TEM and electron diffraction pattern of white granular phase in 2% graphene cladding coating. (a) TEM morphology; (b) electron diffraction pattern

Fig. 11. Microhardness curve of Ti-C-Nb-graphene coating