Fig. 1. Poincaré sphere

Fig. 2. Traditional polarization measurement methods^{［32，33］}

Fig. 3. Polarization detectors based on mutil-pixel region metasurface^{［47，48］}

Fig. 4. Device for detecting polarization states based on metalens array^［50］

Fig. 5. Polarization camera based on multilayer dielectric metasurface^［52］

Fig. 6. Schematic of the Pancharatnam-Berry（PB）phase in the spherical coordinate system^［64］

Fig. 7. Method for simultaneously measuring polarization and phase of arbitrarily polarized beams^{［58，64］}

Fig. 8. Experimental setups for polarization measurement^［65-67］

Fig. 9. Dynamic measurement of the holo-information of light fields in 3D space using a polarized grating^［68］

Fig. 10. Measurement results of a PMMA sample^［68］

Fig. 11. Four-step Jones matrix polarization holography^{［70，71］}

Fig. 12. Two-step Jones matrix polarization holography^［72-74］

Fig. 13. One-step Jones matrix polarization holography^［75-78］

Fig. 14. Polarization holographic microscope slide for birefringence imaging^［79］

Fig. 15. Single-shot quantitative polarization interference microscopy^{［80，81］}