Multivariate analysis of the effects of <sup>60</sup>Co-γ irradiation on volatile components of <i>Ligusticum chuanxiong</i> Hort

Yan WANG; Ailian MENG; Xin JIA; Jiawei YE; Pan XU; Yanjun ZHANG; Yalu QIU; Jiang HE; Tengxiao MAO; Peng GAO

doi:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2024-0007

Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing, Volume. 42, Issue 4, 040401(2024)

Multivariate analysis of the effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

Yan WANG1...2, Ailian MENG1,2, Xin JIA3, Jiawei YE1,2, Pan XU1,2, Yanjun ZHANG1,2, Yalu QIU1,2, Jiang HE1,2, Tengxiao MAO4, and Peng GAO12,* |Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu 610101, China

²Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610101, China

³School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

⁴Key Laboratory of Chemical Quality Research and Control, Chengdu Institute For Drug Control, Chengdu 610045, China

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Figures & Tables(10)

Fig. 1. Characteristic odor pattern of Ligusticum chuanxiong before and after irradiation by E-nose; Lowercase letters represents the difference between the measured values of different irradiation treatment groups. Different letters in the same group indicate significant difference (p<0.05 )

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Fig. 2. PCA of Ligusticum chuanxiong odor after different irradiation doses by E-nose

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Fig. 3. LDA of Ligusticum chuanxiong odor after different irradiation doses by E-nose

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Fig. 4. The PCA of Ligusticum chuanxiong odor after different irradiation doses by HS-SPEM-GC-MS

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Fig. 5. OPLS-DA score plot of Ligusticum chuanxiong odor after different irradiation doses (a) and 200 times replacement inspection (b)

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Fig. 6. VIP values plots of Ligusticum chuanxiong odor after different irradiation doses

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Fig. 7. Heat map of differential volatile substances

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Fig. 8. Cluster analysis diagram of Ligusticum chuanxiong odor after different irradiation doses: (a) HCA by E-nose; (b) HCA by GC-MS

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Table 1. Performance description of REN3 portable electronic nose sensor^[14-15]

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Table 1. Performance description of REN3 portable electronic nose sensor^[14-15]

传感器型号 The sensors	功能描述 Performance description	备注 Notes
W1C	对芳香族成分灵敏 Sensitive to aromatic	C₇H₈，10 mL/m³
W5C	对氮氧化合物很灵敏 Sensitive to nitrogen oxides	NO₂，1 mL/ m³
W3C	对芳香成分灵敏和NH₃Sensitive to aromatic and NH₃	C₆H₆，10 mL/m³
W6S	对氢气灵敏 Sensitive to hydrogen	H₂，100 mL/m³
W5S	对烷烃，芳香成分灵敏 Sensitive to arom-aliph	C₇H₈，1 mL/m³
W1S	对甲烷灵敏 Sensitive to broad-methane	CH₄，100 mL/m³
W1W	对硫化物灵敏 Sensitive to sulphur-organi	H₂S，1 mL/m³
W2S	对醇类、醛酮类灵敏 Sensitive to broad-alcohol	CO，100 mL/m³
W2W	对有机硫化物灵敏，芳香成分 Sensitive to sulph-chlor	H₂S，1 mL/m³
W3S	对烷烃灵敏 Sensitive to methane-aliph	CH₄，10 mL/m³

Table 2. Results of volatile substances in Ligusticum chuanxiong after different irradiation doses

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Table 2. Results of volatile substances in Ligusticum chuanxiong after different irradiation doses

序号 No.	分类 Classes	分子式 Molecular formula	CAS 号 CAS	化合物 Chemical compound	峰面积占比 / % Relative percentage content of peak area
序号 No.	分类 Classes	分子式 Molecular formula	CAS 号 CAS	化合物 Chemical compound	0 kGy	3.3 kGy	7.0 kGy	10.9 kGy
1	烃类 Hydro- carbons	C₁₅H₂₄	17066-67-0	B-瑟林烯 β-selinene	12.31±1.88	11.55±1.35	10.18±2.25	9.69±1.40
2		C₁₅H₂₄	29837-12-5	荜澄茄烯 Cubebene	3.64±0.72	3.31±0.52	2.60±0.63	2.39±0.43
3		C₁₁H₁₈	22735-58-6	6-丁基-1,4-环庚二烯 6-Butyl-1,4-cycloheptadiene	1.54±0.12	1.60±0.11	1.70±0.10	1.74±0.09
4		C₁₅H₂₄	18794-84-8	(E)-β-金合欢烯 (E)-β-Farnesene	1.08±0.30	0.93±0.19	0.74±0.16	0.71±0.12
5		C₁₅H₃₂	629-62-9	正十五烷 Pentadecane	0.97±0.14	0.91±0.12	0.63±0.36	0.70±0.12
6		C₁₀H₁₈O	546-79-2	水化香桧烯 Sabinene hydrate	0.84±0.08	0.75±0.07	0.68±0.14	0.62±0.09
7		C₁₂H₂₆	112-40-3	十二烷 Dodecane	0.64±0.06	0.72±0.16	0.57±0.08	0.57±0.09
8		C₁₅H₂₄	39029-41-9	杜松烯 trans-γ-Cadinene	0.60±0.11	0.43±0.23	0.48±0.07	0.41±0.07
9		C₁₅H₂₄	17699-05-7	α-香柠檬烯 α-Bergamotene	0.57±0.06	0.56±0.06	0.49±0.10	0.47±0.07
10		C₁₅H₂₄	31145-21-8	预聚烯 Prezizaene	0.44±0.06	0.40±0.06	0.36±0.08	0.33±0.05
11		C₁₅H₂₄	546-28-1	β-柏木烯 β-Cedrene	0.44±0.04	0.30±0.23	0.21±0.13	0.21±0.07
12		C₁₄H₁₄O₂	104-66-5	1,2-二苯氧基乙烷Ethylene glycol diphenyl ether	0.43±0.15	0.47±0.10	0.43±0.10	0.48±0.18
13		C₁₅H₂₄	502-61-4	（E，E）-α-法尼烯 (E,E)-α-Farnesene	0.26±0.03	0.24±0.04	0.22±0.04	0.23±0.07
14		C₁₀H₁₆	99-85-4	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinen	0.24±0.06	0.20±0.05	0.17±0.03	0.14±0.03
15		C₁₄H₂₆	35216-11-6	7-十四碳炔 7-Tetadecyne	0.21±0.01	0.16±0.08	0.16±0.08	0.17±0.02
16		C₁₀H₁₄	535-77-3	β-伞花烃 β-Cymene	0.17±0.04	0.16±0.04	0.13±0.04	0.12±0.03
17		C₁₅H₂₄	25246-27-9	香树烯 Alloaromadendrene	0.15±0.12	0.15±0.08	0.10±0.06	0.15±0.02
18		C₁₅H₂₂	483-77-2	去氢白菖烯 Calamenene	0.14±0.02	0.14±0.01	0.14±0.02	0.13±0.01
19		C₁₅H₂₄	79120-98-2	β-柏木萜烯 β-Funebrene	0.13±0.02	0.13±0.03	0.08±0.04	0.08±0.01
20		C₁₂H₂₀	72084-21-0	1,3,5-十二碳三烯 1,3,5-Dodecatriene	0.10±0.03	0.08±0.02	ND	ND
21		C₁₅H₂₄	15423-57-1	β-大根香叶烯 β-Germacrene	0.10±0.02	0.10±0.02	0.06±0.03	0.06±0.01
22		C₁₅H₂₄	489-40-7	古芸烯 Gurjunene	0.07±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.06±0.02	ND
23		C₁₄H₂₈	295-17-0	环十四烷 Cyclotetradecane	0.03±0.02	0.03±0.00	0.02±0.00	0.03±0.01
24	醇类 Alcohols	C₁₀H₁₈O	7299-40-3	(E)-β-松油醇 (E)-β-Terpineol	1.08±0.30	0.93±0.19	0.74±0.16	0.71±0.12
25		C₁₀H₁₈O	25465-65-0	(-)-异松蒎醇 (-)-Isopinocampheol	0.33±0.09	0.27±0.07	0.28±0.02	0.20±0.04
26		C₁₅H₂₄O	28231-03-0	柏木烯醇 Cedrenol	0.30±0.02	0.32±0.02	0.29±0.04	0.30±0.01
27		C₁₀H₁₄O	1197-01-9	2-(4-甲基苯基)-2-丙醇 2-(4-Methylphenyl)-2- propanol	0.82±0.23	0.72±0.13	0.62±0.15	0.62±0.10
28		C₁₀H₁₈O₂	5989-33-3	顺式氧化芳樟醇(I) cis-Linalool oxide I	0.23±0.01	0.25±0.01	0.16±0.01	0.22±0.01
29		C₁₅H₂₄O	77171-55-2	β-匙叶桉油烯醇 β-Spathulenol	0.21±0.02	0.22±0.01	0.22±0.01	0.20±0.01
30		C₁₀H₁₈O	98-55-5	α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	0.13±0.03	0.11±0.03	0.09±0.02	0.09±0.02
31		C₁₀H₂₀O	56578-18-8	（E）-5-癸烯醇 (E)-5-Decenol	0.11±0.02	0.08±0.00	0.07±0.01	0.06±0.01
32		C₁₄H₂₆O₂	126-86-3	四甲基癸炔二醇 Tetramethyl decynediol	0.07±0.02	0.08±0.01	0.06±0.02	0.05±0.02
33		C₁₀H₂₀O	106-22-9	香茅醇 Citronellol	0.05±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.03±0.01
34		C₁₀H₁₄O	536-60-7	孜然醇 Cumin alcohol	0.04±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.03±0.01
35		C₁₅H₃₂O	629-76-5	正十五醇 1-Pentadecanol	0.03±0.00	0.04±0.00	0.03±0.01	ND
36	脂类 Lipid	C₁₂H₁₄O₂	81944-08-3	(E)-藁本内酯 (E)-Ligustilide	30.91±1.84	32.10±2.09	33.57±2.10	33.36±1.64
37		C₁₂H₁₆O₂	62006-39-7	川芎内酯 A Senkyunolide A	22.26±1.91	23.02±1.56	24.31±1.77	24.59±1.54
38		C₁₂H₁₈O₂	6415-59-4	莎草内酯 Sedanolide	3.99±0.32	4.22±0.28	4.52±0.35	4.57±0.26
39		C₁₅H₂₈O₂	72269-48-8	(E)-4-十三碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯Lycopersilure	1.14±0.18	0.89±0.46	1.01±0.16	0.94±0.11
40		C₁₂H₂₀O₂	3553-34-2	3-丁基六氢邻苯二甲酸酯 3-Butylhexahydrophthalide	0.18±0.03	0.21±0.02	0.20±0.02	0.21±0.03
41		C₁₄H₂₈O₂	112-66-3	乙酸月桂酯 Dodecyl acetate	0.10±0.02	0.08±0.01	0.06±0.02	0.06±0.01
42		C₁₂H₂₀O₂	76-49-3	乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	0.08±0.02	0.09±0.01	0.06±0.02	0.06±0.01
43		C₁₂H₂₀O₂	115-95-7	乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate	0.06±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.03±0.01
44		C₁₂H₁₈O₂	139757-62-3	反式-乙酸香桧酯 cis-Sabinyl acetate	0.05±0.02	0.04±0.00	0.04±0.02	0.03±0.01
45		C₁₂H₂₄O₂	112-17-4	乙酸癸酯 Decyl acetate	0.02±0.01	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.01
46	醛类 Aldehyde	C₈H₈O₃	121-33-5	香兰醛 Vanillin	0.13±0.06	0.15±0.01	0.12±0.06	0.15±0.01
47	酮类 Ketones	C₁₃H₂₂O	3796-70-1	香叶基丙酮 Geranylacetone	0.06±0.01	0.06±0.00	0.05±0.01	0.07±0.01
48		C₁₁H₁₄O	1009-14-9	苯戊酮 Valerophenone	0.85±0.15	0.78±0.11	0.69±0.17	0.67±0.10
49		C₁₀H₁₆O₂	10136-65-9	2-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚烷-3-酮 2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one	0.26±0.03	0.25±0.03	0.23±0.05	0.22±0.02
50	其他 Others	C₄H₆S	627-51-0	二乙烯基硫化物 Divinyl sulfide	0.06±0.01	0.05±0.01	0.04±0.00	0.05±0.01
51		C₉H₁₀O₂	7786-61-0	乙烯基愈创木酚 Vinylguaiacol	0.67±0.07	0.60±0.04	0.50±0.08	0.45±0.06
52		C₈H₁₂N₂	1124-11-4	川芎嗪 Tetramethylpyrazine	0.04±0.03	0.02±0.00	0.05±0.01	0.04±0.02
53		C₁₂H₁₄O₂	6066-49-5	丁基苯酞 Butylphthalide	4.91±0.28	5.25±0.25	5.87±0.25	6.17±0.28
54		C₁₂H₁₂O₂	72917-31-8	(Z)-3-亚丁基苯酞 (Z)-3-Butylidenephthalide	3.38±0.15	3.70±0.17	3.92±0.25	4.09±0.19
55		C₁₁H₁₆	538-68-1	戊基苯 Phenylpentane	0.33±0.10	0.28±0.07	0.22±0.07	0.19±0.03
56		C₁₄H₂₂	1014-60-4	1,3-二叔丁基苯 1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene	0.24±0.08	0.23±0.05	0.20±0.06	0.21±0.04
57		C₁₅H₂₄O	128-37-0	丁基羟基甲苯 Butylhydroxytoluene	0.09±0.04	0.08±0.05	0.07±0.04	0.09±0.02
58		C₁₂H₁₈	54410-69-4	（3-甲基戊基）苯 (3-Methylpentyl)benzene	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.02	0.03±0.01	0.02±0.00
59		C₁₃H₁₆O₂	76841-70-8	(2E)-2-己烯基苯甲酸 (2E)-2-Hexenyl benzoate	0.21±0.11	0.24±0.03	0.18±0.04	0.16±0.02
60		C₆H₇NO	1072-83-9	2-乙酰基吡咯 2-Acetyl pyrrole	0.02±0.00	0.02±0.00	0.01±0.00	0.01±0.00

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Yan WANG, Ailian MENG, Xin JIA, Jiawei YE, Pan XU, Yanjun ZHANG, Yalu QIU, Jiang HE, Tengxiao MAO, Peng GAO. Multivariate analysis of the effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort[J]. Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing, 2024, 42(4): 040401

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Paper Information

Category: RADIATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION

Received: Jan. 15, 2024

Accepted: Mar. 6, 2024

Published Online: Sep. 14, 2024

The Author Email: GAO Peng (高鹏)

DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2024-0007

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Performance description of REN3 portable electronic nose sensor[14-15]

Table 1. Performance description of REN3 portable electronic nose sensor[14-15]

Table 2. Results of volatile substances in Ligusticum chuanxiong after different irradiation doses

Table 2. Results of volatile substances in Ligusticum chuanxiong after different irradiation doses

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Table 1. Performance description of REN3 portable electronic nose sensor^[14-15]

Table 1. Performance description of REN3 portable electronic nose sensor^[14-15]