Fig. 1. ​Model diagram of an ITO nanostructure. (a) Schematic of cuboid ITO nanostructure; (b) cross-sectional (XZ) view of ITO nanostructure model

Fig. 2. Permittivity of ITO at different carrier concentrations. (a) Real part of the permittivity of ITO; (b) imaginary part of the permittivity of ITO

Fig. 3. Simulation results for the LSPR effect in ITO materials with different carrier concentrations. (a) Extinction spectra of ITO nanoparticles with different carrier concentrations; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with carrier concentrations; electric field distribution in the XY plane at carrier concentration of (c) 7.8×1020cm-3 in 1985 nm, (d) 1.1×1021cm-3 in 1985 nm, (e) 7.8×1020cm-3 in 2330 nm, (f) 7.8×1020cm-3 in 2674 nm; electric field distribution in the XZ plane at carrier concentration of (g) 7.8×1020cm-3 in 2330 nm and (h) 1.1×1021cm-3 in 1985 nm

Fig. 4. Simulation results of LSPR effect for ITO materials with different lengths. (a) Extinction spectra of ITO nanoparticles with different lengths; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with length

Fig. 5. Simulation results of LSPR effect for ITO materials with different heights. (a) Extinction spectra of ITO nanoparticles with different heights; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with height

Fig. 6. Simulation results of LSPR effect for ITO materials with different widths. (a) Extinction spectra of ITO nanoparticles with different widths; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with width

Fig. 7. Simulation results of LSPR effect for ITO materials with different spacings. (a) Extinction spectra of ITO nanoparticles with different spacings; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with spacing; electric field distribution in the XY plane with the spacing of (c) 25 nm, (d) 50 nm, (e) 150 nm, and (f) 190 nm

Fig. 8. Simulation results of LSPR effect for cylindrical ITO materials under different spacings. (a) Extinction spectra of cylindrical ITO nanoparticles with different spacings; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with spacing

Fig. 9. Simulation results of LSPR effect for ITO materials with different substrate refractive indices. (a) Extinction spectra of ITO nanoparticles with different substrate refractive indices; (b) variation trend of resonance peak position and peak intensity with substrate refractive index