Fig. 1. Overall composition of lunar spectral irradiance meter (a) and physical image (b)

Fig. 2. Flow chart of lunar tracking system

Fig. 3. Physical picture of camera module

Fig. 4. Image processing results of different lunar phases. (a) Phase angle is 0°; (b) Phase angle is 40° ; (c) Phase angle is 90°

Fig. 5. Images captured during lunar tracking

Fig. 6. Experimental results of outdoor lunar tracking. (a) Azimuth deviation on December 2, 2022; (b) Zenith angle deviation on December 2, 2022; (c) Total angle deviation on December 2, 2022; (d) Azimuth deviation on December 5, 2022;(e) Zenith angle deviation on December 5, 2022; (f) Total angle deviation on December 5, 2022

Fig. 7. Observation results on February 26, 2023。(a) Total angle difference; (b) Comparison of ground-based observation data with that of ROLO model