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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 22, 2200005(2023)

Advancements in Remote Raman-Lidar for Hydrogen Leakage Detection

Jinrui Deng1、*, Ruijing Jiang1, Hai Zhong2, Haoxiang Zhang3, Liuhua Cui3, and Lei Cai3
Author Affiliations
  • 1CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environment Technology, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2Safety, Environment, and Technology Supervision Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
  • 3Petro China Dagang Petrochemical Company, Tianjin 300280, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (27)
    Equations (2)
    References (37)
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    Paper Information
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    Figures & Tables(27)
    Scattering diagrams. (a) Schematic of Raman scattering[15]; (b)schematic of the linear Raman effect for Stokes Raman scattering and anti-Stokes Raman scattering[16]

    Fig. 1. Scattering diagrams. (a) Schematic of Raman scattering[15]; (b)schematic of the linear Raman effect for Stokes Raman scattering and anti-Stokes Raman scattering[16]

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    Schematic diagram of typical remote Raman lidar system and method for gas concentration detection

    Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of typical remote Raman lidar system and method for gas concentration detection

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    Schematic diagram of the SRGS setup without a tunable laser[22]

    Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the SRGS setup without a tunable laser[22]

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    Schematic diagram of the SRGS lidar system[22]

    Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the SRGS lidar system[22]

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    Schematic diagram of the Raman lidar system[23]

    Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the Raman lidar system[23]

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    Schematic diagrams of laser beam steering for two-dimensional visualization of H2 (left) and typical visual two-dimensional photo of H2 (right)[23]

    Fig. 6. Schematic diagrams of laser beam steering for two-dimensional visualization of H2 (left) and typical visual two-dimensional photo of H2 (right)[23]

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    Schematic diagrams of the Raman lidar system (left) and the experimental method for measuring Raman scattering intensity and concentration of H2[14]

    Fig. 7. Schematic diagrams of the Raman lidar system (left) and the experimental method for measuring Raman scattering intensity and concentration of H2[14]

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    Schematic diagram of Raman lidar[25]

    Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of Raman lidar[25]

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    Schematic diagram of the concentration measurement of H2 gas in small area[26]

    Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of the concentration measurement of H2 gas in small area[26]

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    Layout diagram of receiver optical components[26]

    Fig. 10. Layout diagram of receiver optical components[26]

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    Schematic diagrams of DPSS small Raman lidar (left) and device appearance photo (right) [15]

    Fig. 11. Schematic diagrams of DPSS small Raman lidar (left) and device appearance photo (right) [15]

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    Schematic diagram of LED small Raman lidar system (left) and lidar device diagram (right)[15]

    Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of LED small Raman lidar system (left) and lidar device diagram (right)[15]

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    Schematic diagram of the off-axis Raman lidar system[27]

    Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of the off-axis Raman lidar system[27]

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    Schematic diagram of the conventional 2-channel Raman lidar system[28]

    Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of the conventional 2-channel Raman lidar system[28]

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    Photograph of the 6 m gas chamber[28]

    Fig. 15. Photograph of the 6 m gas chamber[28]

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    Schematic diagram of the three-channel Raman lidar system[30]

    Fig. 16. Schematic diagram of the three-channel Raman lidar system[30]

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    Raman sensor and schematic diagram of the measurement system[31]

    Fig. 17. Raman sensor and schematic diagram of the measurement system[31]

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    Schematic diagram of the four‐mirror multiple pass enhanced Raman system[32]

    Fig. 18. Schematic diagram of the four‐mirror multiple pass enhanced Raman system[32]

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    Schematic diagram of the light source of the new hydrogen gas detector based on CARS (up) and appearance of the light source (down)[33]

    Fig. 19. Schematic diagram of the light source of the new hydrogen gas detector based on CARS (up) and appearance of the light source (down)[33]

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    Principle of the photon counting process[34]

    Fig. 20. Principle of the photon counting process[34]

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    Schematic diagram of the emission/reception part (left) and the spectral analyzer (right) of three-channel Raman lidar system[35]

    Fig. 21. Schematic diagram of the emission/reception part (left) and the spectral analyzer (right) of three-channel Raman lidar system[35]

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    3D design lay-out of developed photon counting Raman lidar system[34]

    Fig. 22. 3D design lay-out of developed photon counting Raman lidar system[34]

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    Schematic diagram of the on-axis PC Raman lidar system[37]

    Fig. 23. Schematic diagram of the on-axis PC Raman lidar system[37]

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    Photograph of on-axis PC Raman lidar system[37]

    Fig. 24. Photograph of on-axis PC Raman lidar system[37]

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    • Table 1. Typical accident cases caused by hydrogen leakage

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      Table 1. Typical accident cases caused by hydrogen leakage

      No.DateAccident case
      12019-05Two people had been killed and four others had been injured in an explosion of a hydrogen fuel tank in city of Gangneung，Republic of Korea
      22019-06An explosion of high-pressure hydrogen storage tank happened because of the misassembly at the Uno-X hydrogen fueling station in Sanvika，Norway
      32019-06A leak explosion of hydrogen storage tank happened at Silicon Valley Air Chemical Product in California，America
      42019-12A fiery explosion happened at hydrogen storage area of Airgas in Waukesha，America
      52020-04An explosion at a hydrogen fuel cell plant of OneH2 happened in North Carolina，America
      62020-07A fire accident of hydrogen filling leakage happened at Grand Resourcce Co.，Ltd. in Dongguan，China
      72021-07Doyle nuclear power plant of Engie Electrabel had been shut down due to the hydrogen leak
      82021-08A burning explosion accident of hydrogen tank truck happened because of the hose burst in Shenyang，China
      92021-12A fiery explosion of residual oil-hydrogenation unit happened in Yunnan，China
      102022-04Hydrogen gas leak and a flash fire accident happened in continuous catalytic reforming unit of Shengli Refinery in China

    • Table 2. Raman scattering shift, wavelength and Raman back scattering cross section by laser irradiated to some gases (r, rotational mode; v, vibrational mode) [17-18]

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      Table 2. Raman scattering shift, wavelength and Raman back scattering cross section by laser irradiated to some gases (r, rotational mode; v, vibrational mode) [17-18]

      GasRaman shift /cm-1Raman scattering wavelength /nmCross section /（10-30 cm2·sr-1）
      CO21388v373.1
      O21555v375.42.68
      CO2143v383.9
      N22331v386.72.28
      H2S2601v390.9
      CH42917v395.626.2
      H24156v416.17.07
      587r362.2

    • Table 3. Parameters and performance of previously typical Raman lidar systems (extend from [37])

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      Table 3. Parameters and performance of previously typical Raman lidar systems (extend from [37])

      LiteLOD /%

      Detection

      distance /m

      		Laser max energy output /mJWave-length /nm

      Repe-tition

      rate /Hz

      Telescope

      diameter /mm

      Band-pass

      filter centre /nm

      		Band-pass filter FWHM /nm
      ［17］0.62100532504006485

      ［23］

      ［14］

      		0.6136355100170416.31.8
      ［26］0.010.750.12349100017041010
      ［15］10-500.12349<5000050
      10-20365127
      ［27］0.6720
      ［29］0.66503035520754160.5
      ［30］0.67303035520754160.3
      ［34］0.65100.0033551000075416
      ［36］285303552015241615
      ［37］0.66-100300.0033551000075416
      ［38］0.765025035510100375，385，395
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    Jinrui Deng, Ruijing Jiang, Hai Zhong, Haoxiang Zhang, Liuhua Cui, Lei Cai. Advancements in Remote Raman-Lidar for Hydrogen Leakage Detection[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(22): 2200005

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    Paper Information

    Category: Reviews

    Received: Feb. 6, 2023

    Accepted: Feb. 22, 2023

    Published Online: Nov. 16, 2023

    The Author Email: Deng Jinrui (cnpcdengjinrui@163.com)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP230586

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology