Fig. 1. Layout of the experimental hall of the CLAPA-T facility.

Fig. 2. Proton energy spectrum adopted in the simulations. The square symbols are experimental data taken from Ref. 5 and the dashed line is the exponential regression.

Fig. 3. Prompt dose distributions at a height of 1.5 m. (a) and (b) 2D distributions of ambient dose equivalent induced by protons and electrons, respectively. (c) and (b) Ambient dose equivalent distribution lineouts along the red dashed line at X = −5.5 m and the green dashed line at Y = 15 m, respectively.

Fig. 4. Residual dose rate distribution induced by protons after a single laser shot: (a) immediately after a laser shot; (b) after the chamber venting time of 30 min.

Fig. 5. Decrease with cooling time of residual dose rates after a single laser shot, induced by protons at positions 0, +20 cm (inside), +50 cm (inside), and −50 cm (outside) from the chamber west wall. The dose rate induced by electrons at 0 cm is also shown for comparison.

Fig. 6. (a) Illustration of dose accumulation after continuous shooting. (b) Residual dose rate as a function of time after single or continuous shooting at +50 cm from the chamber wall.

Fig. 7. Annual dose as a function of cooling time for the assumed working mode. The radiation safety threshold (1 mSv) is shown by the shaded region.