Fig. 1. (a) Optical path diagram; (b) Prototype photo

Fig. 2. Signal processing. (a) Raw data; (b) Pulse selection

Fig. 3. (a) Location of the Yamen Waterway where the SPC was deployed with WQA; (b) Water sampler and WQA; (c) Experimenter operated the SPC on the cabin

Fig. 4. Confusion matrix of the classifier

Fig. 5. Classification results of suspended particles in water of Yamen Waterway by the prototype. (a) Number and proportion of particles in different water layers; (b)-(d) \begin{document}$ {N}_{5 s} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {N}_{5 p} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {N}_{5 a} $\end{document} varied with time in different water layers

Fig. 6. Comparison between SPC data and WQA data. (a)-(c) \begin{document}$ {N}_{5 a} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ Chla $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ Pe $\end{document} varied with time in different water layers; (d)-(f) \begin{document}$ {Len}_{5 s}^{2} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ T $\end{document} varied with time in different water layers

Fig. 7. (a) Mie scattering coordinate system; (b) Variation of polarization parameters of different particles with size; (c) Polarization parameter distribution of SiO₂ and PP