Due to its ultra-wide bandgap (6.2 eV), high thermal conductivity (340 W/(m·℃)), high breakdown field (11.7 MV/cm), excellent ultraviolet (UV) transparency and high chemical and thermal stabilities, bulk aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate is an excellent candidate for GaN-based high-temperature, high-frequency, high-power electronic and deep-UV optoelectronic devices with high Al content. The Physical Vapor Transport method (PVT) is the most promising technique for the growth of large-size and high-quality bulk AlN single crystals. The crystal structure, basic properties, growth theory and natural growth habits of AlN crystals grown by the PVT method are introduced primarily. Based on the PVT growth strategy of AlN single crystal, the research history of spontaneous growth, homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy, the advantages and disadvantages of each growth strategy and the latest progress are reviewed in great detail. The recent progress and future challenges of AlN crystal growth by the PVT method are addressed as well.

The surface damage of the seed crystal will lead to increased dislocations of the grown crystal. In order to reduce the damage to the surface of the seed crystal, a wafer processed by a multi-step process of rough grinding-finishing-polishing is generally used as the seed crystal. The complicated process involves many steps, and the cost is high. In this paper, the rough ground GaN with phosphoric acid to remove the surface damage layer and the chemical mechanical polished GaN were used as seed crystals respectively. The crystal surface, the growth rate, crystal quality and stress of the two seed crystals after ammonothermal growth were compared. The optical microscopy shows that the surface after the growth of the two seed crystals have similar hillocks. The growth rate of ammonothermal method is slow, and the growth rate of chemically mechanically polished seed crystal is slightly higher than that of rough ground seed crystal. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray diffraction rocking curves of (002) and (102) planes show that the quality of GaN crystal obtained by the growth of polished seed crystal is basically the same as that of coarsely ground seed crystal. E2 (high) frequency shift of Raman indicates that the GaN crystal grown on the polished seed crystal is close to the stress-free state, and the crystal grown on the coarsely ground seed crystal has a small compressive stress.

Donzens of millimeter-sized freestanding AlN single crystals were grown on the surface of a pre-sintered AlN powder source by the physical vapor transfer (PVT) method. In this paper, the natural growth habits, polarity, and impurity content of the obtained AlN single crystals by this novel approach were analyzed. The results show that the AlN single crystals grown on the surface of pre-sintered AlN powder source have a regular hexagonal shape. The preferential growth direction is along ［0001］ or C-direction with growth rate of 200-250 μm/h, while the radial growth is limited by {10-10} (m-plane). AlN crystals with different colors were sliced into C-axis wafers and then lapped/polished by chemical and mechanical polishing process. The obtained wafers were characterized by selective-wet-etching, and the SEM results reveal that light yellow crystals are Al-polar growth and the dark brown crystals are N-polar growth, while light yellow-dark brown crystals are Al/N mixed polar growth and clear boundaries can be observed between two polarities. Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) and evolved gas analysis(EGA) were employed to analyze the main impurities in the crystals with different colors. The results show that the content of oxygen in the light yellow crystals is lower than that of the dark brown crystals, while the carbon content is opposite in these crystals with different colors.

The influence of the inlet structure of planetary reactor on gas reaction path and growth rate in AlN-MOCVD was studied by numerical simulation. By varying the reactor inlet mode, inlet number and position of inlet separator, it is found that, for the inverted two-inlet reactor, i.e., group-III below and group-V above, the concentration of Al-containing particles are higher near the front edge of the substrate, especially the concentration of MMAl is about two orders of magnitude than that of the conventional reactor. Thus the reaction is dominated by the pyrolysis path, and the film growth rate is higher. By optimizing the position of the inlet separator for the inverted inlet, better film uniformity is obtained and the growth rate slightly reduced. When the number of reactor inlets increase from two-inlet to three-inlet and five-inlet, the reaction path changes from the pyrolysis-dominated to the pyrolysis and adduct joined action path, the growth rate increases gradually and film uniformity increases significantly.

Diamond crystals were synthesized in FeNiCo-C system with CH4N2S additive at pressure of 6.5 GPa and temperature ranging from 1 300 ℃ to 1 350 ℃, using temperature gradient (TGM) method. The obtained diamond crystals displays yellow color and exhibits cub-octahedral morphology. The surface morphology was characterized by SEM and the results indicate that the surface of the obtained diamond become rougher and rougher with the increasing of CH4N2S addition content in the synthesis system. Furthermore, the Nitrogen (N) and Hydrogen (H) defects and chemical bond structures were analyzed in detail with the help of FT-IR spectra. FT-IR results display that H element exits in the forms of -CH3, -CH2-, C-H and N defects locate in the forms of C, A centers. Additionally, the band locating at 3 300-3 600 cm-1 was observed, attributing to NH absorption.

Synthetic diamond grains, produced under the static high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions, were prepared into nanofilm for TEM observation by RTO method. It is found originally that diamond grain is actually consisting of many tiny rod-like nanodiamonds through an orientated piling or aggregation, and the amorphous carbon was filled in the area between these nanodiamonds. It meant that a synthetic diamond grain was constructed by bundles of nanodiamonds and amorphous carbon, and this originally finding inspired us to propose and draw a completely novel microstructure model for synthetic diamond grain, which could help us to better understand the anisotropy and other macroscopic properties of diamond grains. Based on this finding, it was further inferred that the traditional concept of monocrystal of diamond called in the superhard industry may not be rigorous or correct because it was probably not consisting of pure crystalline diamond.

In photovoltaic power generation technology, amorphous silicon thin film solar cells are widely used because of its high light transmittance, low light power generation, low price and other advantages. The research on improving the efficiency of amorphous Si thin film solar cells by optimizing the back electrode area has not been reported in industrial production. In this paper, the 5020-9 battery of Pengan Jinshi Solar Cell Technology Co., Ltd. is taken as the research object, and the influence of back electrode design on the performance of amorphous silicon solar cell under PECVD coating process and back electrode screen printing mode is discussed. The results show that under the condition that the boundary dimension is 50 mm×20 mm and 9-junction (PIN junction) must be connected in series, the optimized back electrode battery shows better photoelectric conversion performance. The average values of short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, maximum power and filling factor are 7.13 mA, 7.04 V, 12.41 mW and 25.36%, respectively. Compared with the original design, the short-circuit current increases about 47%,and the yield increases about 58%. The basic principles of the back electrode design of integrated battery are as follows: to ensure the area of each single back electrode is equal as far as possible, so as to improve the overall current matching degree; to optimize the relative position of laser etching line and increase the area of active area.

A series of NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+@SiO2 up-conversion luminescent material were prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure and luminous properties of the samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), fluorescence (FL) spectrum et al. The results indicate that the diffraction peak positions of the SiO2 core-shell structure samples are consistent with standard pattern of NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+at characteristic diffraction peaks and no impurity diffraction peaks appear at all. The morphology of NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+@SiO2 is a core-shell structure. NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+is coated on the surface of SiO2 microspheres.The sub-microparticles of NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+@SiO2 is obtained.It can be known that the Y3+lattice positions are taken place by Eu3+from analysis of EDS and XRD; the Si-OH bond in the SiO2 microsphere can band the metal ion together. Under near-infrared light excitation at 793 nm, the NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+@SiO2 samples exhibit red emission at 616 nm. The luminescence intensity of NaY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+@6.2SiO2 is about 3 times stronger than NaY (MoO4) 2∶Eu3+.

The spherical SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+ core-shell luminescent materials with uniform size were successfully prepared by coating Gd2O3∶Tb3+ on the surface of silica nanospheres by a simple urea assisted precipitation method, which solves the common defects of rare earth luminescent materials, such as uncontrollable morphology and uneven size. The morphology, structure and luminescence properties of as-prepared samples were investigated by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and photoluminescence spectra. The SEM images and size distributions show that the as-prepared SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+ particles exhibit uniform spherical morphology and good dispersion, and the particle size about (608±18)nm. XRD patterns show that the Gd(OH)3CO3 shell is completely transform into cubic phase Gd2O3 with good crystallinity and no impurity after calcination at 600 ℃. At the same time, the formation mechanism of SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+ core-shell microspheres inferred by FT-IR spectra is concluded that Gd2O3∶Tb3+ shell is mainly connected to the surface of SiO2 microspheres by forming Si-O-Gd bond. Under the excitation of 240 nm ultraviolet light, the SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+ core-shell microspheres show green emission peaks of Tb3+, and the main peak at 540 nm correspond to the 5D4→7F5 transition. The luminescence intensity of SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+ core-shell microspheres reaches the maximum value when the doping concentration of Tb3+ is 4mol%, and the lifetime is 1.55 ms. The CIE color coordinates of SiO2@Gd2O3∶4%Tb3+ core-shell microspheres is located in the green region, showing good green light-emitting performance.

The Cd2+-doped NaLuF4∶Yb, Er nanocrystals were synthesized by an improved high-temperature thermal decomposition method, and the effects of Cd2+ on crystal phase formation and luminous intensity were studied. The formation energy of β-NaLuF4∶Yb, Er at different doping concentration was calculated by CASTEP. The nanocrystals synthesized at the doping concentration of 6mol% have the strongest fluorescence intensity, which increase by 2.6 times compared to the undoped one. The average size is about 23 nm. Subsequently, the problem of easy agglomeration of crystals was solved by controlling the addition of suitable proportion and content of dispersants, and the up-conversion nanocrystals with high crystallinity and good dispersibility with average size of 18 nm were obtained. The coating of the silica shell layer reduces the toxic reaction caused by Cd2+ leakage, indicating that it exhibits low toxicity when the concentration is low, and meets the requirements of the application of upconversion nanocrystals in the field of medical materials.

0.6［(1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-xNaSbO3］-0.4(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3 ceramics (abbreviated as BNT-NSO-SBT-x) was prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method, where x=0.04 mol, 0.06 mol, 0.08 mol and 0.1 mol. The effects of the third component NaSbO3 on the phase structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties, and energy storage properties of BNT-NSO-SBT-x ceramics were studied. Sb5+ has no significant effect on the phase structure, and BNT-NSO-SBT-x ceramics have a coexistence phase structure of rhombohedral and tetragonal at room temperature. BNT-NSO-SBT-x ceramics are relaxor ferroelectrics with typical dispersion characteristics (γ~ 2). This is due to the inhomogeneous composition caused by complex cation occupation in A and B-site, and the inhomogeneous structure caused by the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal PNRS. When the substitution amount of Sb5+ increases, Tp and Tm gradually approach. Because the Tp (<80 ℃) closes to room temperature, the weak polar tetragonal PNRs enhance. It deteriorates the ferroelectric performance of the ceramic, but it’s beneficial to improve the energy storage characteristics. The energy storage of BNT-NSO-SBT-x ceramics with x=0.06 is better, W1=0.227 J/cm3, η=76.2% (E=40 kV/cm, f=10 Hz).

Magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2/ZnO catalysts were fabricated by loaded TiO2 and ZnO to magnetic Fe3O4@C nanoparticle fabricated by hydrothermal method. The morphology and structure of catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and UV-diffused reflectance spectrum. The diffused reflectance spectrum shows that the absorption edge of magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2/ZnO catalysts are red shifted, indicate that the catalysts absorb lights in the higher wavelength. And the increasing of energy gap, indicate that the hole-electron pairs have stronger redox capacity, and therefore they could more eficiently utilize lights for the photocatalytic purpose. The degradation of (Rhodamine B, RhB) for Fe3O4@TiO2/ZnO catalysts increase from 65.33% to 98.11% compared to magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2. The degradation of RhB for magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2/ZnO catalysts are still 92.05% after recycling 5 times. This indicates Fe3O4@TiO2/ZnO catalysts are easy to recycle and have good recycling stability.

The co-doped solid electrolyte Ta1-x-yTixSnyO2.5-δ(x=0.077,y=0-0.053) material with triclinic structure was prepared by oxalate coprecipitation method. The thermal and electrical properties of the solid electrolyte were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD), Scanning electron microscope(SEM), Differential thermal analysis(DTA), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis(EIS). The study found that after co-doping with Sn4+/ Ti4+, the high temperature triclinic phase of tantalum oxide-based electrolyte was stabilized to room temperature, and more oxygen vacancies were generated due to doping in its structure, thus improving the conductivity of tantalum oxide-based electrolyte. At working temperature of 973 K, the solid electrolyte Ta0.89Ti0.077Sn0.033O2.5-δ has an ion conductivity of 0.76×10-1 S/cm and activation energy of 0.696 eV. The co-doped solid electrolyte has a low thermal expansion coefficient of 3.78×10-6 K-1, which is a low-expansion material, and the solid electrolyte has good thermal stability.

Mesoporous silica films with defect-free vertical channels on large length scales have great significance in biomaterials, electrochemical and optical sensors. Herein, mesoporous silica films with vertical orientation on large area (5×5 cm2) substrates were successfully prepared by electrochemical assisted self-assembly (EASA) process. The film permeability, surface macroscopic morphology and mesoporous pore structure were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM), and 2D grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (2D-GISAXS), respectively. In addition, the optical properties of the films in the extreme ultraviolet region were tested by albedometer. The results show that the obtained film on a large area substrate exhibites good permeability,which suggests that the mesochannels in silica films are vertically oriented, and the mesopore diameter and cell parameters are 2.83 nm and 4.1 nm, respectively. Moreover, the reflectivity reaches up to 75% in the extreme ultraviolet wavelengths (5-11 nm).

Copper oxide (CuO) was prepared by one-step calcination method using metal-organic framework (MOF) copper L-phenylalanine (Cu(L-Phe)2) as precursor. The morphology, crystal structure and electrochemical Li-storage performances of CuO were studied. The results show that Cu(L-Phe)2 derivatives are monoclinic CuO nanoparticles with a diameter of 300 nm. The reversible discharge capacity of CuO nanoparticles anode is as high as 505.3 mAh/g when cycling at 100 mAh/g for 200 cycles. Meanwhile, CuO anode also displays good cycle stability and rate performances.

Based on the first principle calculation, the catalytic performance of a cheap metal Fe doped hexagonal boron nitride (Fe-BN) for N2O reduction in the presence of CO or SO2 was studied. From the analysis of the adsorption configurations and electronic properties, it was found that the spontaneous dissociation of N2O on the surface of Fe-BN was caused by a large amount of charge transfer between the substrate and N2O. The adsorption energy of N2O was much greater than that of CO or SO2, which would be conducive to the reaction. The reaction energy barriers of CO, SO2 and N2O with O* were calculated to be 0.52 eV, 1.06 eV and 2.61 eV, respectively. The reaction energy barrier of N2O was the highest, indicating that this reaction could not occur. The adsorption of the reaction product CO2 by Fe-BN was weak, and the energy released through the reaction process could satisfy the desorption of CO2, while the desorption of SO3 could not occur. So it can be seen that CO is more favorable as a reducing agent. It is concluded that Fe-BN is a highly active catalyst for N2O reduction. This study opens up a new way for the development of low-cost and highly active catalysts based on low-cost metal doped hexagonal boron nitride.

Two metal coordination polymers, namely {［Ni(H2O)2(1,3-BIP)2］·TFBDC}n(1) and {［Cu3(H2O)4(1,3-BIP)6］·(BTC)2·(H2O)15}n(2)(1,3-BIP is 1,3-bis(imidazole)propane, H2TFBDC is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid and H3BTC is 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) were prepared under solvothermal conditions, and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that coordination polymer 1 exhibits a 1D loop-like chain structure, which are further linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form a 3D supermolecular architecture. While, coordination polymer 2 exhibits a 2D layer with (4,4) topology. Furthermore, the stability property of coordination polymers 1 and 2 were also investigated.

A Cd(II) complex of ［Cd(H2ASA)2(H2O)2］n(1) was synthesized by solution method using 5-azotetrazolyl salicylic acid (H3ASA) and CdCl2·2.5H2O as raw materials. Structural analysis and characterization were carried out by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The result reveals that complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with a=0.702 39(5) nm, b=0.735 15(6) nm, c=1.229 41(7) nm, α=82.557(5)°, β=75.453(6)°, γ=61.882(8)°, V=0.541 90(8) nm3, Z=1, μ=1.083 mm-1, Dc=1.884 g/cm3. Complex 1 features an infinite 1D chain structure formed by the μ2 bridge ligand H2ASA- linking two different Cd(II) ions. The neighboring chains are further self-assembled through O…O, O…N hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions to form a 3D supramolecular network. UV-Vis spectroscopy measurement indicates that complex 1 exhibits photochromic property under 365 nm UV light irradiation.

The five novel N-heterocyclic carbine imidazole hexafluorophosphate (5a-5e) were synthesized by choosing quinaldine as bridging group.The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and crystal structures of 5b, 5c and 5e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that crystals of 5b and 5c both belong to P1- space group with the triclinic system, crystal of 5e belongs to Cc space group with monoclinic system, the cell parameters of 5b is a=6.945 1(10)nm, b=12.016 6(18) nm, c=14.791(2) nm, α=91.997(11)°, β=95.340(12)°, γ=105.845(8)°, the cell parameters of 5c is a=9.975(3) nm, b=11.056(4)nm, c=12.382(4) nm, α=99.010(4)°, β=103.527(3)°, γ=112.734(3)°. The cell parameters of 5e is: a=18.058 9(18) nm, b=12.510 0(9) nm, c=13.365 9(12) nm, α=90.00°, β=124.522(7)°, γ=90.00°. The results of bacteriostatic experiments reveal that 5a-5e could show certain bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus and E.coli.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT), as a conducting material, have been widely used in the Chinese battery industry. CNT need to be purified for use in battery as conducting agent. Here, CNTs prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) were purified at 3 000 ℃ using Acheson furnace and the structure and electrical behavior of the CNT were investigated. The CNT were characterized in detail with SEM, EDS, ICP, FT-IR, TGA, XPS, Raman and Four point resistor. The results show that the CNT purified at high temperature only have less than 71ppm (weight percent) iron content, and 0.45wt% oxides content. Besides, the CNT also have a better graphite crystal structure and fewer surface function group. The volume resistivity of the CNT ranges from 0.050 Ω·cm to 0.035 Ω·cm. As a conductive material of battery electrode, it can be used as positive electrode of power battery.

Analyzing the diffraction spot patterns of transmitted electron is very important for studying the crystal structure, and the diffraction spot patterns is often analyzed by the comparison method. This paper introduces the drawing principle of single crystal standard transmission electron diffraction spot patterns, and draws the standard diffraction spot patterns of the orthorhombic system. The data of single crystal standard diffraction spot patterns are improved, which brings convenience to researchers.

Ethyl orthosilicate, barium acetate, and calcium acetate were used as raw materials, and the three were evenly mixed through a liquid phase miscible method; to obtain pretreatment powder, and then the interaction of various substances of the pretreatment powder in the solid phase synthesis process were studied by XRD and DTA-TG. At the same time, the effects of different heating rates, different calcination processes and holding time on the synthesis of high expansion coefficient Ba1.55Ca0.45SiO4 were explored by XRD. The results show that during the solid phase reaction, the acetate in the pretreated powder first decomposes to form the corresponding carbonate, and at the same time, the corresponding BaCa(CO3)2 solid solution may be formed. The melting point of carbonate begins to decompose. When the temperature rises to 1 063 ℃, BaCO3 reacts with SiO2 to form Ba2SiO4 crystals. When the temperature continues rise to 1 144 ℃, Ca2+solid solution enters Ba2SiO4 crystals to form Ba1.55Ca0.45SiO4 crystals. In addition, when the pre-processed powder is calcined or pressed into a strip sample for heating, it is difficult for BaCO3 in the powder to fully participate in the reaction, and when the powder naturally accumulates, it is heated to 1 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min after 5 h, Ba1.55Ca0.45SiO4 crystals with an average thermal expansion coefficient of 12.63×10-6 K-1 were obtained.

In this study, tantalum nitride (Ta5N6) whiskers were successfully prepared by carbothermal reduction and nitridation method under amonia flow atmosphere, using tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) and active carbon as the main raw materials, potassium fluoride (KF) as the molten salt. The compositions, structures and morphology of the whiskers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effects of heat mode, nitridation atmosphere, nitridation time and catalyst content on the formation of whiskers were investigated. The whiskers have the best morphology when the molar ratio of Ni/Ta=0.1, nitridation atmosphere is amonia (300 mL/min) and nitridation time is 6 h. The whiskers have diameters of 80-250 nm and lengths of 1-5 μm, and a combined mechanism of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and vapor-liquid (VS) is responsible for the growth of Ta5N6 whiskers.

0.6Ca0.61La0.26TiO3-0.4La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3［0.6CLT-0.4LMT］ ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering. The effect of sintering process on its microstructure and grain growth behavior was studied. A Hillert model and Sellars simplified model was established by linear regression, and a nonlinear regression method was used to establish the Sellars-Anelli model with time index. The results show that with the increase of sintering temperature and the increase of holding time, the grain size is larger, and the effect of the sintering temperature on the grain growth is more obvious. The grain sizes predicted by the three models and the experimental results were analyzed. It is found that the Hillert model has the lowest prediction accuracy for the ceramic, and the Sellars-Anelli model has the highest prediction accuracy for this ceramic. The Sellars-Anelli model is d4.718=d4.7180+4.516×1033×t0.888×exp, which can effectively predict the grain growth process of 0.6CLT-0.4LMT ceramic by microwave sintering.

There are many crystal growth methods for nonlinear optical crystals, and each method has its unique advantages and applicable crystals. By understanding the characteristics of typical nonlinear optical crystal growth methods, the suitable method for the obtainment of a specific high-quality crystal could be determined. In this work, crystal growth methods for typical nonlinear optical materials are reviewed, such as hydrothermal growth of KTP crystals, aqueous solution growth of KDP crystals, organic solution growth of DAST crystals, high-temperature solution growth of BBO, LBO, KBBF crystals, bubble generation method for CBO crystals, Czochralski growth of LiNbO3 crystals , Bridgman growth of CdSiP2, ZnGeP2, BaGa4Se7 crystals. Ratio of the raw materials, solution preparation, temperature, pressure and other experimental conditions in these methods were described in detail. In addition, the pictures of the as-obtained crystal samples were displayed. Summary of the different crystal growth methods will facilitate the successful obtainment of the target crystal.

Ultra-high pressure technology is a subject that studies how to generate ultra-high pressure and the physical properties of objects under ultra-high pressure. It is the main technology for generating new materials and manufacturing artificial diamond. China still lags behind foreign technology in ultra-high pressure equipment, and most ultra-high equipment needs to be imported from abroad. Because foreign manufacturers are very confidential about the core technology of ultra-high pressure equipment, they can not draw on and refer to international research results. China’s demand for ultra-high pressure equipment is increasing year by year. Therefore, China’s research and improvement of ultra-high pressure equipment is imminent. By analyzing and summarizing various ultra-high pressure equipment at home and abroad, various aspects such as pressure-bearing capacity and applicable fields, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various ultra-high pressure equipment are introduced in this paper, and making a development direction for ultra-high pressure equipment outlook.

In recent years, due to the continuous optimization of the preparation process, biomass carbon materials have been rapidly developed as an electrode material for electronic components (lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, lithium sulfur batteries, etc.). At the same time, due to the low of the first coulomb efficiency, large irreversible capacity, voltage hysteresis, weak current charging and discharging capacity, the development of biomass materials as electrode materials were greatly hindered. By doping biomass carbon with elements(especially heteroatom doping), which can effectively improve the wettability and electron conductivity of the carbon materials, increase defects in carbon materials and active sites, and results in excellent electrochemical performance for carbon materials. This review offers a retrospection of the research progress of element-doped biomass carbons, and gives an introduce on their preparation methods, applications and prospects in the energy fields of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, lithium-sulfur batteries, respectively.

Mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite material possesses high hydrothermal stability, shape-selective catalysis and favorable acidity, excellent mass transport of the mesoporous structures, it has potential applications in catalytic field. The research progress of mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite in recent years are reviewed in this paper, with the main focus on the synthesis strategies including post-treatment method, template method and template-free method. In addition, by comparing different preparation methods, the strengths and weaknesses of various methods is pointed out. Finally, the development of the synthesis and catalytic application of mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites is prospected．It was proposed that the main development trend is to make more further studies on the development of facile, economic and green routes towards the synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite.