The scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) breaks the diffraction limit of the conventional optical microscope. It has promising applications in the fields of material science, biological engineering, and semiconductor physics, say a few. A versatile SNOM, which can operate in illumination mode, collection mode and frustration total internal reflection (TIR) mode, was developed. Several kinds of samples including holographic grating, liposome and powder of BaCO3 were investigated. Images with an optical resolution of 100 nm were obtained.

This paper presents an extended-boundary-condition approach to research the distribution of the electromagnetic field in a sinusoidal surface dielectric subwavelength grating (SSDSG) and the efficiency of different orders of the grating. The numerical results show that SSDSG has a total reflection property under proper parameters and that high-efficiency reflection (99.9%) can occur within a fairly wide range seleted of the grating parameters.

In this paper, a kind of composite diffractive optics array element, whose shape is approximately circular by containing some series of square units with different sizes, is designed to obtain a focal spot with flat top, steep edges and low sidelode intensity distribution. For an incident laser beam with circular shape, a large filling factor can be realized and light energy can be sufficiently used. Two dimensions are converted to one dimension to simplify the design and manufacturing. Hybrid algorithm based on hill-climbing and stimulated annealing is utilized for phase design. Simulated results show the validity of this kind of method.

A new material combination, C/Al, for normal-incidence multilayer mirrors at the wavelength λ=28.5 nm is reported. Compared with Mo/Si, and C/Si multilayers, the C/Al mirrors have the lower second-order peak at the 15.0 nm. The C/Al soft X-ray multilayer, fabricated by magnetron sputtering, was characterized by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction.

This paper introduces the technology of optical thin films formation by electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor deposition (ECR plasma CVD) for 980 nm high-power semiconductor laser devices. A monitoring control method of optical thin films production is studied and the advantages of the deposition technique and the remarkable characteristics of the films are discussed.

The (101) oriented AlN thin films have been successfully grown on Si(111) substrates by pulsed excimer laser deposition combined with following annealing. XRD, SRP, FTIR and AFM are employed to characterize the AlN films. Results indicate that the AlN films have fine grains with size of 200 nm and perfect dielectric property with the spreading resistance of above 108 Ω.

Three kinds of operational situation of relay guidance of surface-to-air missiles and the operational process of relay guidance are presented.Based on the guidance error and the successful probability of relay guidance, the model of guidance decision-making optimization is constructed. The model of guidance optimization is used to simulate and verify the relay guidance decision on surface-to-air missile. The simulation results show that the guidance optimization model can select the optimal guidance channel and provide a basis for the commander's decision-making.

The error measurement for soliton communication is successfully realized. For 2.5 Gbit/s solitons transmitted over 52 km, there is no error within two hours. The key techniques——the generation of ultra-short optical pulses, external modulator with high speed, amplification for electrical and optical signals, the synchronization for soliton pulses and modulation signal and dispersion allocation for normal and abnormal dispersion fibers are introduced and analyzed. The experimental phenomena are theoretically analyzed.

A theoretical analysis is presented for selecting optimal parameters in recording geometries of embossing master holograms to eliminate astigmatism and field curvature of the reconstructed images, and the image blur caused by extended illuminating light source. The experimental result shows that the embossed hologram with 3D image made using the method reconstructs bright image with high resolution even under diffused illumination.

This paper presents the steps of reconstructing a 2-dimensional grayscale image using Moir technique. First, the 2D image was encoded with a halftone screen and turned into a halftone-screen image fA(u,v); Secondly the image fA and 1-fA (the reversed image of fA) were encoded by two gratings respectively, while keeping the frequencies of the two gratings the same and the phase difference being π. The angle between the encoding directions of the first and second steps is set to 45° so that the noise of the longitudinal Moiré fringes can be avoided. This technique can be applied for anti-counterfeit purpose.

The study on the influence of hardening and swelling courses on gelatin hologram during the post-processing procedure is conducted experimentally. The result showed that a hardened gelatin film with diluted F-5 fixing bath, can make lower the required exposure for the maximum diffraction efficiency of holograms. And the swelling level in water is very important to diffraction efficiency, a method to gain good swelling results is presented in this paper, in which the swelling temperature is determined by the ultimate swelling temperature.

The structure, brittleness and dry sliding tribological characteristics of laser-cladded Al2O3 ceramic coatings on W18Cr4V steel have been studied by means of SEM, TEM, EDAX, sound emission and wear tests techniques etc. The results show that the Al2O3 coating cladded by laser consists of columnar grains of α-Al2O3 and a small amount of Ni2Al18O29 among Al2O3 grains. The hardness value of Al2O3 coatings cladded by laser is about 2351～2667Hv0.2. The britlleness of the laser-cladded Al2O3 coatings is increased to some extent than that of a plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating. In dry sliding wear condition the wear resistance of the Al2O3 coatings is about 2 times that of the plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating, and the laser-cladded Al2O3 coatings are worn by brittle peeling and abrasive wear.

The characteristic parameters of a transverse-flow cw CO2 laser are discussed and analyzed by the use of simplified rate equations for the population densities of N2 vibrationally excited level and the CO2 (0001) level. The equations for the small-signal gain, the saturation intensity, the laser output power, and the optimal output-coupling coefficient of a resonator are presented. The calculated values are fairly close to the experimentally measured values.

Some data about plasma characteristics of F2 laser such as the electron energy distribution and rate coefficient are obtained by solving the steady state Boltzmann equation for the isotropic part of the electron energy distribution function, which may help to understand the lasing mechanism of F2 laser.

A programmable wavelength selective and scanning structure is reported in this paper, which is used to tune the central wavelength of a fiber Bragg grating linearly. Based on such a structure, an all-fiber traveling-wave ring laser is fabricated. The output wavelength can be selected with a computer and can also be continuously scanned in a range of 5.9 nm. The linearity is up to R2=0.999, the wavelength-interval is 0.156 nm, and the wavelength reproducibility is 5.13×10-3 nm, which is within the measuring limit of the optical spectrum analyzer.

The operation of a home-made ytterbium-doped fiber laser is reported. When a 3.5 m ytterbium-doped fiber is pumped with a Ti∶sapphire laser at 915 nm, lasing at a wavelength of 1.03 μm occurs. The laser operates at a threshold as low as 5 mW with a slope efficiency as high as 68%. Similar results can also be obtained when the fiber laser is pumped at 860 nm. In addition, when a Yb-doped fiber shorter than 0.5 m was used, laser action at 974 nm was obtained.

A practical application of leaky waveguide mechanism in quaternary long wavelength semiconductor lasers is given in this paper. It theoretically describes the possibility for application of the leaky waveguide mechanism in the quaternary semiconductor materials and the semiconductor long-wavelength laser devices with the related structure are designed. The devices are then grown by LPE technique. It shows that the theory and experiments agree well with each other. Therefore, the leaky waveguide mechanism is used in the semiconductor long-wavelength lasers theoretically and experimentally. This is a successful effort for the further applications of the leaky waveguide mechanism in other kinds of semiconductor lasers.

An Er3+, Yb3+ codoped phosphate glass CW laser pumped by LD is reported in this paper. The maximum output power is 10.2 mW and the slope efficiency is 5.3%. The laser spectral range is from 1516 to 1547 nm, and the peak laser wavelength is 1533 nm.

In this paper, based on the structural feature of the Fibonacci optical superlattice and the propagating characteristics of the ultra-short pulse, the spectrum modulated by SPM and influenced by chirp based on SPM is studied. The results confirm that the spectrum is broadened, and the total length of the optical superlattice is confined by SPM.

An annulaur output ring unstable resonator with 90° beam rotation with abrration at a situation of low magnification M=1.2 is calculated by the fast Fourier transform method. The influnce of the quality of the output beam with tilt and astigmatism is analized. The results indicate that this new resonator is better than a nomal ring unstable resonator.

Based on the absorption mechanism of the semiconductor, the laser energy transition process in the semiconductor has been studied and a double-temperature model has been adopted to calculate the heating process in silicon irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses respectively with the same energy density. A conclusion can been drawn from the calculated results that the carrier effect can be neglected and the heating process can be simulated through a single thermal conduction in the case of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation while the carrier effect must be take into consideration and a double-temperature model can be adopted in the case of picosecond pulsed laser irradiation.

The distribution of component ions in a potassium lithium niobate crystal grown by the resistance-heating Czochralski technique has been studied, the influence of the distribution on frequency-doubling properties of the crystal has also been studied.