A microwave photonic filter (MPF) with variable coefficient is proposed and demonstrated, which is constructed by a multi-wavelength fiber laser and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Through changing the slope characteristics of Mach-Zehnder interference spectrum adjusted by optical variable delay line (OVDL), the conversion from phase modulation (PM) to intensity modulation (IM) is realized. The multi-wavelength fiber laser with Lyot-Sagnac optical filter has variable wavelength spacing. So the designed filter has a variable number of taps and tap weights. As a result, the tunable range of passband center frequency is 2.6 GHz. The reconfigurability of MPF can be also realized by adjusting the output of fiber laser.

A new receiver is proposed, which uses the fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) in optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) over free space optic (FSO) communication system. The noise tolerance as the performance index in this receiver is derived. The receiver can not only improve the noise tolerance but also change the pump data conveniently for adapting to the length variation of the coding sequence under a complex and fast-changing weather condition. The influence of different factors on the noise tolerance is analyzed, and a significant improvement of about 18.77 dB for the noise tolerance can be achieved when the pump power and the length of coding sequence are 5 W and 256, respectively.

Optical security devices play an essential role in the fight against counterfeiting. In this paper, we study and design a pair of metal-dielectric optical filters based on metameric effect, which offer a hidden image effect by the color shift at a specific angle of observation. Compared with all-dielectric multilayer system, the metal-dielectric multilayer structure has larger color shift with varying incident angle, higher color saturation and fewer layers. Finally, the stacks with 5 layers and 7 layers are achieved, and the color difference index is only 0.71, which shows good metameric matching effect. Simultaneously, the sensitivity of filters to deposition errors is analyzed when the thickness deviation is ±2%, and the results show that the two filters have good manufacturability.

An XOR/XNOR optical logic circuit with two cascaded microring resonators and two U-bend waveguides is proposed. The microring resonators are made of electro-optical polymer and modulated through linear electro-optical effect. Two electrical signals are applied to the two microrings, and simultaneous XOR and XNOR operations are demonstrated in two different operating modes. We also use scattering matrix method to analyze the analog output spectra, and find that different inputs like ‘00’ and ‘11’ can lead to different extinction ratios in output spectra at certain wavelengths, even though their digital outputs are the same.

Integral imaging is a 3D display technology without any additional equipment. A new system is proposed in this paper, which uses a lenticular lens array to replace the lens array in the conventional integral imaging system. The lenticular integral imaging system reduces the complexity and the price of integral imaging system. The positive characteristics of conventional integral imaging system, such as full parallax and quasi-continuous view points, are still kept on the proposed system in horizontal direction. Optical results show that the time for calculating the elemental images is reduced by 25% compared with the conventional one. The resolution of integrated image in vertical direction is 4 times higher than that of conventional system. This proposed system opens a new way on application of integral imaging.

In this paper, a passively Q-switched and mode-locked c-cut Nd-doped vanadate crystal self-Raman laser at 1.17 μm is firstly demonstrated by using Cr4+:YAG. Two crystals of Nd3+:YVO4and Nd3+:GdVO4are adopted to generate laser, respectively. With the incident pump power of 13 W, the average output powers of 678 mW and 852 mW at 1.17 μm are obtained with the durations of Q-switched envelope of 1.8 ns and 2 ns, respectively. The mode-locked repetition rates are as high as 2.3 Hz and 2.2 GHz, respectively. As far as we know, the Q-switched envelope is the narrowest and the mode-locked repetition rate is the highest at present in this field. In addition, yellow laser output is also achieved by using the LiB3O5frequency doubling crystal.

A novel dual-wavelength fiber laser with asymmetric fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A couple of uniform FBGs are used as the cavity mirrors, and the third FBG is used as intracavity wavelength selector by changing its operation temperature. Experimental results show that by adjusting the operation temperature of the intracavity wavelength selector, a tunable dual-wavelength laser emission can be achieved. The results demonstrate the new concept of dual-wavelength lasing with asymmetric FBG FP resonator and its technical feasibility.

A set-reset all-optical flip-flop (SR-AOFF) based on semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) is proposed. Simulation results show that low switching energy in the femto joule range, the transition time of less than 20 ps, high stability and high extinction ratio (ER) of 30 dB can be achieved, while AOFF output is power insensitive approximately.

A dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with outstanding stability is presented. In the fiber laser system, two nested active optical fiber ring filters are configured to improve the comb spectrum performance, a saturable absorber is employed to form a gain grating for both filtering and frequency stabilizing, two cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are utilized to achieve dual-wavelength output, and a variable attenuator is arranged to adjust output power. Experimental results illustrate that the peak wavelength drift is less than 3 pm, and a good linear relationship between output power and pump power is realized.

We propose a specific aspheric cylindrical optical system to transform Gaussian beam to flat-top and rectangular beam. The Gaussian beam shaping system is composed of dual orthogonal aspheric cylindrical lenses. The principle of shaping Gaussian beam is studied theoretically. The mapping function of arbitrary rays in an incident plane and an image plane is deduced based on the law of energy conservation, and the real ray tracing method is adopted to design the shaping system. Finally, the lens system is processed by single point diamond turning techniques. Testing results indicate that the system achieves the theoretical expectation, and the uniformity of flat-top and rectangular beam is 88.2%. The method is not only simple but also practical.

Ho3+with various concentrations and Tm3+with molar concentration of 1.28% are co-doped in LiYF4(YLF) single crystals. The luminescent properties of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra, emission cross section and decay curves under the excitation of 808 nm. The energy transfer from Tm3+to Ho3+and the optimum fluorescence emission of Ho3+around 2.05 μm are investigated. The emission intensity at 2.05 μm keeps increasing with the molar concentration of Ho3+improved from 0.50% to 1.51% when the molar concentration of Tm3+ is kept at 1.28%. Moreover, for the co-doped crystals in which the molar concentrations of Tm3+and Ho3+are 1.28% and 1.51%, respectively, the maximum emission cross section reaches 0.760×10-20cm2and the maximum fluorescence lifetime is 21.98 ms. All the parameters suggest that these materials have more advantages in the future 2.0 μm laser applications.

A series of Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+samples are synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method. Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+shows an asymmetrical emission band under excitation of 350 nm. The emission peaks at 426 nm and 497 nm are assigned to the nine-coordination Eu2+and six-coordination Eu2+, respectively. The effects of Eu2+ doping content on the emission intensity and color are observed, and the concentration quenching effect is also observed. For two different Eu2+luminescence centers, the quenching mechanisms are dipole-dipole interaction and quadrupole-quadrupole interaction, respectively. And the critical distance of energy transfer is calculated by concentration quenching and turns out to be about 3.67 nm. The results above show that the asymmetrical emission band of Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+ comes from two different Eu2+2+ luminescence centers in the lattice.

A series of Tb3+doped NaY(MoO4)2are synthesized by a solid-state reaction at 550 °C for 4 h, and their luminescent properties are investigated. The phase formation is carried out with X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and there is no other crystalline phase except NaY(MoO4)2. NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+can produce the green emission under 290 nm radiation excitation, and the luminescence emission peak at 545 nm corresponds to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+. The emission intensity of Tb3+in NaY(MoO4)2is enhanced with the increase of Tb3+concentration, and there is no concentration quenching effect. The phenomena are proved by the decay curves of Tb3+. Moreover, the Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of NaY(MoO4)2:Tb3+locate in the green region.

A cost-effective ultra-dense wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (UD-WDM PON) with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s and channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is proposed and demonstrated. The distributed feedback (DFB) lasers modulated in 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) format are used for downstream links, and the reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) together with an optical frequency comb modulated in quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) format are used for upstream links. We can achieve the error-free transmission of the upstream signals with speed of 12.5 Gbit/s even after 20 km single-mode fiber (SMF). The power penalty obtained by using the frequency comb generator instead of a tunable laser is around 0.5 dB. By using 11 DFB lasers and a set of intensity and phase modulators, it is possible to provide the seed light for 297 optical network units (ONUs) within the C-band.

In this paper, an experimental scheme for cordwood color division multiplexing (CDM) visible light communication (VLC) system is proposed. The principle and structure of the experimental scheme are described. Right angle prisms and band-pass filter are used to make the unit of the optical collector and splitter. We can add or subtract the unit as we need. The cordwood CDM-VLC system can also be effectively used as a model to accomplish color shift keying and color division duplexing. The experimental system provides a new way for researching VLC.

We demonstrate the generation of supercontinuum (SC) spectrum covering S+C+L band of optical communication by injecting 1.4 ps optical pulses with center wavelength of 1 552 nm and repetition rate of 10 GHz into an all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with length of 80 m. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations, which are used to illustrate the SC generation dynamics by self-phase modulation and optical wave breaking (WB).

In order to measure the axial flowing velocity of carbon particle suspension with particle diameter of tens of micrometers, the photoacoustic Doppler (PAD) frequency shift is calculated based on a series of individual A scans using an autocorrelation method. A 532 nm pulsed laser with repetition rate of 20 Hz is used as a pumping source to generate photoacoustic signal. The photoacoustic signals are detected using a focused piezoelectric (PZT) ultrasound transducer with central frequency of 5 MHz. The suspension of carbon particles is driven by a syringe pump. The complex photoacoustic signal is calculated by the Hilbert transformation from time-domain photoacoustic signal, and then it is autocorrelated to calculate the Doppler frequency shift. The photoacoustic Doppler frequency shift is calculated by averaging the autocorrelation results of some individual A scans. The advantage of the autocorrelation method is that the time delay in autocorrelation can be defined by user, and the requirement of high pulse repetition rate is avoided. The feasibility of the proposed autocorrelation method is preliminarily demonstrated by quantifying the motion of a carbon particle suspension with flow velocity from 5 mm/s to 60 mm/s. The experimental results show that there is an approximately linear relation between the autocorrelation result and the setting velocity.

The potential capability of low coherence backscattering (LBS) is explored to determine the anisotropy factor based on azimuthal light backscattering map. The scattering intensity signal measured at azimuthal angle φ=0° is extracted for analysis. By performing nonlinear regression fitting on the experimental signal to the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, the anisotropy factor is determined. The experiments with tissue phantom consisting of the aqueous suspension of polystyrene microspheres are carried out. The results show that the measured anisotropy factor is well described by Mie theory.

To achieve accurate measurements, the creating a fitting hole for internal diameter (CFHID) measurement method and the establishing multi-sectional curve for external diameter (EMCED) measurement method are proposed in this paper, which are based on computer vision principle and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The methods are able to highlight the 3D characteristics of the scanned object and to achieve the accurate measurement of 3D data. It can create favorable conditions for realizing the reverse design and 3D reconstruction of scanned object. These methods can also be applied to dangerous work environment or the occasion that traditional contact measurement can not meet the demands, and they can improve the security in measurement.

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of medical images is a critical part of surgical simulation. In this paper, we focus on the magnetic resonance (MR) images denoising for brain modeling reconstruction, and exploit a practical solution. We attempt to remove the noise existing in the MR imaging signal and preserve the image characteristics. A wavelet-based adaptive curve shrinkage function is presented in spherical coordinates system. The comparative experiments show that the denoising method can preserve better image details and enhance the coefficients of contours. Using these denoised images, the brain 3D visualization is given through surface triangle mesh model, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.