The luminescence and excitation spectra from ultra-violet, visible to infrared and fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ doped tellurium glass are measured. It is found that the excitation spectra of 1532 nm infrared light and 550 nm visible light are very similar in peak shape and peak wavelength. When the concentration of Er3+ ions increases from 0.5% to 10%, the visible luminescence and excitation spectra intensity decrease, and those in infrared increase. The lifetime curve exhibits obvious energy transfer phenomena. Results show that the observed phenomenon is near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence. The up-limits of near-infrared quantum cutting efficiency of two-photons, two-photons, three-photons, three-photons corresponding to 4I9/2, 4F9/2, 4S3/2, 2H11/2 states are respectively 193.8%, 184.8%, 277.9%, 272.6%.

To achieve fast nondestructive detection of drugs, the optical system of infrared spectroscopy detection based on Fourier transform is designed. The operating band of system ranges from 4000 cm－1 to 12000 cm－1. The suitable optical structure is designed and characteristic parameters of the optical components are determined. Ray tracing and optimization analysis on optical system designed are carried out with ZEMAX. The experimental platform is set up, and the near-infrared spectral data of five similar drugs are collected. The data are processed by combining principal component analysis (PCA) with error back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN). The spectra of five drugs are effectively identified and the recognition accuracy ratio reaches 93.333%. Experimental results show that the near-infrared spectroscopy detection system is suitable for non-destructive analysis of drugs, and can effectively identify similar drugs.

In order to realize high precision measurement of large aperture convex aspheric surface with small aperture Hindle lens, a new Hindle testing method of convex aspheric double-lens with zero-focal power is proposed. The shortcomings of traditional Hindle testing are solved effectively by adding correction lens with zero-focal power. The design and analysis of the convex aspheric surface with the aperture of 180 mm, radius of 380 mm and eccentric ratio of 2.8 are carried out. The residual wave aberration curves of the system are given respectively with different focal power distribution and different distances between two lenses with zero-focal power. A better system residual wave aberration of 0.0006λ is obtained, and feasibility of the method is verified.

In order to further improve the performance of noise suppression and edge detection in image processing, a new morphology image edge detection algorithm based on multi-scale and multi-direction structure elements is proposed. The method fully utilizes the erosion, dilation, opening, closing and its transformation and combination operation based on the directional differences of structural elements in mathematical morphology. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and edge details of image, the image denoising, edge extraction and other preprocessing operations are carried out. The image initial contour is obtained by using multi-scale and multi-direction structure elements recursive morphological filtering. Image edge detection is carried out by using multi-scale morphology and multi-direction structure elements. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has more powerful anti-noise performance and can extract the edge information effectively and accurately.

In order to improve the enhancement effect of partial brighter and darker images, an improved gray image enhancement method is proposed, which is based on histogram equalization and single-scale Retinex (SSR) algorithm. Improved histogram equalization enhancement for original images is carried out, and the low frequency components of the original images are enhanced by histogram equalization and fused with the high frequency components. SSR algorithm enhancement is carried out to original images. Weighted fusion of the two images is carried out. Results show that the image obtained by the new method is more prominent to highlight details of the original image, and the visual effect is improved significantly. Contrast and entropy are enhanced, and the brightness is adjusted. The feasibility on medical X-ray images is verified. Compared with other enhancement algorithms, the new method is more conducive to the accurate analysis of images.

In order to optimize and improve object recognition of the existing robots, a new weight calculation method for interior scene images identification is proposed. The undirected weighted graph is obtained by converting the input scene. Based on surface normal direction, comprehensive determination of surface roughness is carried out using the concave and convex degree index instead of the traditional Boolean decision, which greatly enhances the anti-noise performance and avoids the error propagation amplification. The unknown objects are identified in time based on fast image segmentation algorithm. Experiment results show that the robustness and anti-noise ability of the proposed method are both strong, and the proposed method is better than methods based on normal direction only. Compared with other methods based on deep learning and conjecture, the proposed method has better performance, and it’s more applicable to the practical identification.

A quantum image saliency detection scheme is proposed, which is more efficient than the traditional methods. In order to represent and store RGB images in quantum computers and calculate the contrast between different pixels, the scheme adopts three-qubits to describe color information. The 22n×2 image matrix is encoded as a quantum superposition state. Combined with Hadamard gate and controlled rotation operator, the global color contrast of pixels in RGB three-channels can be reflected by computing probability amplitude of basis states. The normalized color contrast and location information is achieved using a finite number of projective measurements, and the saliency map is constructed. The realization of related quantum circuits and complexity analysis are presented. The contrast experiments are carried out with several traditional saliency detection algorithms. Results show that the proposed scheme has good detection effect and higher detection efficiency.

The solution of (n+1)-dimensional multiple sine-Gordon equation is transformed into solution of the set of ordinary differential equations by several function transformations. New infinite sequence soliton-like solutions of (n+1)-dimensional multiple sine-Gordon equation are constructed by combining the first integrals of the set of ordinary differential equations with Bcklund transformation and the nonlinear superposition formula of solutions to several kinds of solvable ordinary differential equations.

A design scheme of dispersion managed soliton fiber lasers with 100 MHz repetition frequency suitable for constructing the optical frequency comb applied in precision spectroscopy is presented based on common commercial optical fibers. By adjusting the repetition frequency with low negative dispersion fibers and increasing the respiration ratio of the intra-cavity pulse with high positive dispersion fibers, a dispersion managed soliton fiber laser with repetition frequency of 108 MHz and center wavelength of 1550 nm based on positive dispersion erbium-doped fiber is built. The intra-cavity net dispersion of the laser is －0.0023 ps2. The direct output pulse width is 70 fs. The pulse width is 48 fs after fiber compression, and the pulse center wavelength is 1550 nm.

A novel metal-dielectric-metal structure with extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) is designed by punching the circular hole array in double-layer metal and embedding the symmetrical split ring resonators (SRR) in the circular hole. Transmission characteristics of the structure are simulated by the electromagnetic simulation software. Influences of geometrical parameters of cell structure on the transmission peaks are investigated. Results show that the number of transmission peaks can be increased effectively by increasing SRR, and the multi-frequency enhanced transmission in 0.2～1.1 THz can be realized. According to the field distribution of metal surface at transmission peaks, the transmission peaks are related to the magnetic plasmon resonance (MP), localized surface plasmon (LSP), propagating surface plasmon (PSP), Fabry-Perot resonance(F-P) and the hybrid coupling among them. Results have some guiding significance for the further study of transmission characteristics and transmission mechanism on EOT. It also provides an important reference for the design and performance analysis of terahertz microwave devices.

Aiming at the application requirements of spectral calibration at 2.04 μm channel of the spatial heterodyne spectrometer used for spaceborne CO2 remote sensing detection, a narrow-linewidth, tunable and highly-stable Tm/Ho co-doped fiber laser (THDFL) is developed. The effective longitudinal mode spacing is expanded by using Wiener effect of the linear compound resonant cavity. The multi-mode laser oscillation is effectively suppressed, and the output laser linewidth reaches 7.5 MHz. By axially stretching the FBG packaged with temperature compensation and vibration isolation techniques, the THDFL can be tuned from 2040 nm to 2042.5 nm, and the output wavelength uncertainty is less than 5×10－3 nm. The output power of THDFL reaches 192 mW with the developed 1565 nm fiber laser pumping source. Using the output laser provided by the tunable THDFL, spectral calibration of the spatial heterodyne spectrometer at 2.04 μm channel is realized after being originated to a wavelength standard, and the calibration accuracy is better than the set index requirements.

In satellite-ground quantum key distribution, two legitimate users, Alice and Bob, complete the key distribution by satellite-ground link window. After key distribution, Alice and Bob have inconsistent key sequences X and Y. The two sides transmit part of the information sequence through the ideal public authorized channel, and consistent key sequences are obtained, which is called key error correction in data reconciliation. In key error correction, information sequence transmitted by the ideal public authorized channel is the check sequence generated by X. Encode module of key sequence is required to occupy less FPGA resources, and the encoding speed is fast. A coding scheme based on FPGA and turbo codes is proposed. It takes less FPGA resources, fast coding speed and can select the coding bit rate according to the demands.

The coherent perfect absorption phenomenon in cavity optomechanics system based on Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC) is investigated. The conditions of inducing coherent perfect absorption producing are elaborated, and the energy conversion is analyzed when coherent perfect absorption occurs in strong coupled BEC cavity optomechanics system. Coherent perfect absorption can be effectively modulated by controlling the pump field power. When coherent perfect absorption occurs, the input probe field energy is completely converted into the mechanical oscillator and cavity field energy without any transmission and reflection. Energy extraction can be realized by changing the cavity quality factor. The strong coupled BEC cavity optomechanics system provides a theoretical basis for potential applications based on coherent perfect absorption, such as transducers, modulators, and optical switches and so on.

The influences of principle quantum number and laser power on dipole blockade effect are analyzed by calculating dipole blockade effect of Rydberg state rubidium atoms with kinetic Monte Carlo method. The dipole blockade effect is enhanced with increasing of the principle quantum number and laser power. When the laser power is high enough, atoms excited to Rydberg state tend to be saturated. Results show that the dipole blockade effect of Rydberg atoms can be controlled by selecting Rydberg states of rubidium atomic energy level and adjusting laser power, which has important applications in producing quantum bits and quantum information processing.

The point spread function(PSF) of ghost imaging system is investigated. Taking the ghost imaging system of an axial moving target as an example, it’s PSF is derived in theory, and the numerical simulation and computer simulation experiment are carried out. Results show that the axial movement of target in signal light path leads to the decrease of imaging quality, and the greater the speed is, the worse the imaging quality will be. The imaging effect can be prejudeged by using the imaging quality of ghost imaging system analyzed with PSF method, which has a great advantage compared with the traditional quality evaluation method.

Quantum key distribution is an important way of quantum communication. In order to improve the feasibility, security and efficiency of quantum key distribution, a mutual authenticated multiparty quantum key distribution protocol based on single particle state is proposed. In this protocol, any two users in a quantum network can perform mutual authentication and share a secure session key with the assistance of a semi-trusted third party. The particles used as quantum information carriers are not required to be stored, which is easier to implement under current technology. The security analysis shows that the proposed protocol is secure in theory.

Based on the basic principle that back focal plane imaging can determine the transmission properties, a polymer planar waveguide optical parameter measuring instrument is designed combining with Fresnel reflection theory of planar waveguides. The real time measurement of the local refractive index and thickness of the sample with high accuracy and high spatial resolution is realized by fitting data with MATLAB. The measurement accuracy of planar waveguide thickness can reach nanometer scale, and the spatial resolution can reach 300 nm. The instrument is simple in structure and easy to operate. It has high application value in optical sensing and intracellular biological sensing fields.

A fiber ammonia gas sensor with high sensitivity is realized by combining single taper-based microfiber modal interferometer with graphene film. It uses grapheme’s specific absorption property to ammonia and high sensitivity sensing characteristics of microfiber structure, and the detection of weak changes of ammonia concentration is realized by detecting the shift of interference spectrum. Comparison and analysis are carried out among different groups of sensors. Results show that when the fiber diameter is 3.4 μm, the maximum detection sensitivity is 10.8 pm/ppm, which is almost doubled compared to the results of other reported fiber structures. The proposed sensor has the advantages of simple structure, easy implementation and high sensitivity, and it has potential application prospect in the fields of harmful gases concentration alarm and human health detection etc.