Compared with a normal flame detector system,IUR76-Ⅰ/Ⅱ test systems optimize the system architecture and stability based on related national standards. It is proved that the new test system is more stabile than the normal test system. The stabilities of the new test system and the system based on national standards are calculated and compared. The suggestions according to the related national standards are also mentioned.

Based on the fiber mode theory,the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of the three-layer flattened mode micro/nano fiber have been investigated. The influences of the index and core size on the waveguide dispersion have been studied detailedly. Numerical simulations show that the dispersion of a flattened mode micro/nano fiber has different properties from conventional micro/nano fiber and flattened mode fiber. In the wavelength range of 0.3-1.6 μm,with the variation of the index,the waveguide dispersion curve′s only minimum point increases or decreases regularly,and show red shift or blue shift. While with the variation of the core size,the waveguide dispersion′s minimum point reduces obviously,but the minimum point is located at the same position of 0.6 μm. Whether the changed condition is the index or core size,in 1.3-1.6 μm band,the waveguide dispersion increases slowly and its value tends to zero gradually. When the core size changes,this trend gets more significant.

In order to take full advantages of optical circuit switching (OCS) and optical burst switching (OBS) technology and enhance the capability to cope with network failures,a new OCS/OBS hybrid optical switching network is presented. The OCS layer of the proposed network is composed of light paths which are established according to the traffic demands between all the source-destination nodes. And the remaining wavelength channels on each physical link are used to build the OBS layer. When one or more light path breaks down due to network failure,the affected data packets can be assembled into bursts and transported through the OBS layer. In normal operating scenario,OCS layer carries most of the traffic. If bursty traffic overwhelms the transmission capacity of OCS layer,the excess part of traffic can be sent through OBS. Simulation results show that,compared with the pure OCS network with restoration and pure OBS network,the proposed hybrid optical switching network can achieve lower packet loss rate under different network failure scenarios and can accommodate bursty data streams more efficiently.

The formation of computer-generated hologram(CGH)based on four detour phases encoding scheme for the original image has been proposed and the CGH is used as watermark signal to be embedded into the carrier image. Medium frequency parameters in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain are selected as the embedded positions to get better ability of anti-JPEG compression and the Arnold scrambling can obviously improve anti-cropping ability. The experimental simulation results show that the holographic watermark technology based on the detour encoding method discussed has certain advantages in invisibility and robustness. And especially it has high performance of anti-cropping. Holography and scrambling technology can bring higher safety of the embedded watermark.

A new method of holography combining CCD and electrically addressed liquid crystal display (EALCD) is presented. CCD is used to record and reconstruct hologram,and EALCD is used to reconstruct the digital hologram in stead of holographic plate after exposure of traditional optical holography. This method avoids the developing,fixing processes of traditional hologram recording material,averts the shortcoming about nonlinear recording of holographic material,and can realize the displacement measurement based on phase shift method with which general digital hologram is unable to achieve. In order to certify the practicality of this method,double-exposure digital holographic interferometry has been used in experiment,and Fresnel hologram of reflective measured objects is obtained. The optical reconstruction is proceeded,and accurate experimental data has been gained. Experimental results indicate that the combination of the CCD and EALCD can realize the optical reconstruction of digital hologram,and the displacement of object can be accurately calculated through the interference fringes.

Feature library of colors and shapes is established. The association memory neural network model is also designed to realize the identification of invariance pattern. The method of constraint synapse weight is adopted to extract invariance feature from the images. The simulation results show that this method can realize quick splitting of traffic signs and the influence of the angle of view has been well eliminated. It has good accuracy,real-timing and robustness.

Minimum average correlation energy algorithm (MACE) used in matched filter is improved and applied to real-time joint transform correlator. A set of spectram of training images are synthesized with MACE and synthesized reference images are got after inverse Fourier transform. Meanwhile,the edge extraction of training images is made before reference images synthesis,Laplace sharpening to the joint power spectrum of object image and reference image are carried out in order to enhance contrast of correlation peak. Rotation variant object images and optical experiments are showed. The experiment proves that improved MACE method can decrease training image number greatly,reduce calculation and well solve the problem of rotation variant object recognition in joint transform correlator. Target recognition scope is expanded and recognition rate is increased.

An interior progressive addition lense (PAL) numerical control (NC) lathe system was designed. A double-CPU structure and a voice coil motor were used to realize high-precision lathe machining. By adjusting the proportion-integral-differential (PID) parameter for all the three-axis motor,taking the closed-loop control technique and error compensation,we limit the positioning accuracy to 1 m and the repetitive positioning accuracy to 2 m. The shaping method of the interior PAL with NC turning was studied,and the lens profile was divided into four regions,near vision,far vision,astigmatism and gradation. The corresponding mathematical expressions were proposed. Based on these,we developed an interior PAL′s profile data processing software,realized the interior PAL profile software off-line interpolation,and provided cutting tool control data for the mirror surface processing.

With the optimized sidely pumped module structure,three laser diode arrays rotating symmetrically pump the Nd:glass rod. The size of the Nd:glass rod is 2 mm×75 mm,with the doping concentration of 4% atom fraction. The end surfaces of the rod are coated with antireflection film with high of 99.8% at 1053 nm,and the rod is tilted 1.5°in order to eliminate the oscillation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). With collective cooling,generated heat is cleaned away by deionized water flowing in the heat-sink. The seed,with energy of 10 μJ,operating frequency of 1 Hz,pulse width of 3 ns,output wavelength of 1053 nm,through the Nd:glass amplifiers reaches 70 times stable high-gain when the pump power is 8.2 kW and the pulse width is 400 μs. Meanwhile,the fluorescence distribution of the amplifier is homogeneous. Comparing the pulse oscillogram before and after amplification,there was no distortion in the amplified waveform.

Polarization detection method is used in underwater target image detection,which provides a new method for underwater targets detection in complicated ocean environment. The laser polarization detection principle is introduced,and a simple polarization detection system is constructed to detect different man-made targets. Experimental results show that different targets of different materials have different polarization properties,which is very useful for underwater targets detection and identification. An image processing method based on Matlab is proposed. Polarization images improve the definition and the contrast between targets and background. Therefore,man-made targets can be easily distinguished from natural background.

Based on exact solutions of Maxwell′s equations of a three-layer structured cylindrical waveguide, the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of the thin index dielectric coated micro/nano fiber have been studied. The influences of thickness and refractive index on the modal characteristics and energy flow density have been discussed in detail. Numerical simulations show that the modal characteristics vary little in the fiber core and thin dielectric regions, while vary much in the fiber outer cladding.

Due to the important application of left anterior descending corronary artery in pathology research of rat cute anoxemia of cardiac muscle,a cute anoxemia model of rat is established using ligation of the left anterior descending branch. Then the front wall fluorescence image and spectral imaging of left ventricle in different time are attained by two-photon excited fluorescence. It can be used to analyze intrinsic species of cardiac muscle and investigate metabolism of cardiac muscle cells. Furthermore,the causation is analyzed based on the pathology.

The reducing lead silicate glass microchannel plate (MCP) with 4-5 μm channel is produced by the glass multifiber draw (GMD) technology,and its resolution is 95 lp/mm. The crack and twist of MCP during production can be avoided by optimizing the glass group of the skin,core and solid border. The dimensional error of fiber is within 0.5% during fiber-drawing by developing new fiber-drawing machines and techniques,arranging slender-diameter mono-fiber and multi-fiber stick. By these ways,the problem of gaining uniformity of MCP is solved. MCPs with less than 5 μm channels were made by the method of two-step stick-drawing. The channel diameter of MCP is 5 μm,thickness is 0.25mm,and gain is 1×104 (900 V) on average.

Through choosing panoramic annular lens model and using CODE-V,a new small infrared panoramic lens with compact structure is completed. The result indicates that panoramic annular lens model is conducive to miniaturization and integration of the lens,and the difficulty of lens′s processing is reduced by setting the model′s two transmission surfaces and two reflection surfaces to sphere,and the optimizing of the relative aperture can improve system′s sensitivity and resolution. The system aberrations are effectively balanced by setting asphere and the diffraction surface in relay system. The lens has a waveband 3-5 μm,a field of view ±55°-±100°,F-number of 1.3,effective focal length of -0.53 mm,overall length of 64.5 mm,and the resolution limit of the lens is only 6.3 μm. The analysis of the CODE-V software demonstrats that the lateral aberration of the system is between -0.021-0.021 mm,only 1.6 times the diameter of the Airy spot,and the value of the modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.2 at 40 lp/mm,and the lens has a good imaging quality.

The color tolerance index of the lamp made with LEDs was analyzed by theory experiment and data. The lamp meeting the color tolerance index was fabricated. The 5000 K color temperature LEDs were chosen to fit the index of color tolerance,color rendering and luminous efficacy. The batch production fitting the color tolerance index is carried out through adopting the chip with (458±1) nm peak wavelength and the right dosage of phosphor with the same excitation wavelength as well as right emission spectra.

Two kinds of metal/dielectric photonic crystals (MDPhC) combined with round hole arrays (square and hexagonal) are designed to investigate the effect of array type on extraordinary transmission characteristics for MDPhC. Two types of gold/silicon dioxide/silicon photonic crystal with the same structural parameters composed of square and hexagonal hole arrays were fabricated using MEMS technology,and their reflectance spectrums were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. At the same time,the numerical simulation was used for the two structures by finite difference time domain method. Compared with square round hole array,both the theoretical simulation results and the experimental results prove that MDPhC composed of hexagonal round hole array can obtain better effect of light transmission enhancement and narrower transmission peak.

Outside temperature variation and fiber strain can raise center wavelengh excursion of fiber Bragg grating (FBG),which will cause temperature and strain crossing susceptivity when measuring with FBG. A FBG system of BP neural network with artificial neural network theory is setup by using Matlab neural network toolbox,the network in gradient descent algorithm with momentum term is trained,and the results show convergence is faster. Temperature error of the network after training is less 2%,and strain error is less 5%,which prove the realization of simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain.

The theory of sub-wavelength diffraction grating is introduced and the latest research of design and fabrication,anti-reflection property,and application of sub-wavelength anti-reflection grating based on nanolithography are reviewed. The feasibility of the sub-wavelength anti-reflection grating used as an optical system reflection reducing element is analysed. The trend of development of sub-wavelength anti-reflection grating to visible light,ultraviolet band,as well as the application of sub-wavelength anti-reflection grating in the field of high-power laser is prospected. It is shown that subwavelength gratings exhibit excellent optical property on antireflective and laser-induced-damage thresholds. And the template gratings will simplify optical system because of its excellent optical property. It can make the fabrication and application of subwavelength grating extend to visible light and ultraviolet using nanolithography.

Laser peen forming (LPF) is a novel technology in which the plastic deformation is caused by plasma shock waves generated in the interaction of the laser beam and the target. It combines the advantages of laser shock peening with plastic forming,and has great potentials in many fields such as large complex surfaces forming,micro-mechanical components manufacturing,packaging and adjusting. The historical background of laser peen forming processes was reviewed,the deformation models of the processes were divided into convex and concave types,and then their forming mechanisms and characteristics were analyzed in detail. The geometric forms,material natures,forming defects during LPF and the analytical techniques for LPF were summarized. The focus of debate,opportunities and challenges with the development of this technology were also discussed.

There is an emerging interest in using thermal photovoltaic (TPV) cells for electric-power generation．Making use of photonic crystal emitters is considered as an effective way for enhancing the optical-to-electric conversion efficiency of TPV power generation．The principle of TPV system and the characteristics of photonic crystal are introduced．The recent status of photonic crystal thermal emitters is mainly presented.

LED is developing rapidly as one kind of light sources. The history of LED is reviewed,and LED′s efficacy is analyzed theoretically. LED′s efficacy and cost for application are compared with conventional light sources. An overview of technology status of LED′s materials,chip,packaging and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is presented. The possible ways to increase LED′s internal quantum efficiency and thus efficacy are also discussed. As a result,it is predicted that LED will dominate in light sources after LED′s efficacy increases significantly.

The GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (GaAs PCSS) plays an important role in measurement of the ultra high-speed signal,which has unique properties compared with traditional switches,such as high response speed and large transmission efficiency. These functions provide the possibilities for studying the performances of electronic and molecule devices with ultra speed. The major findings of theoretical and experimental study at present are described,analysed and compared to provide fundamental base for the future research.

Au-coated TiO2 Nano-thin films are prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering and then Au ion is sputtered on glass substrates. The structural and the surface morphology of Au-coated TiO2thin films are investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM),etc. The results show that the TiO2 films with smooth surface consist of anatase TiO2 nano-particles with 200 W sputtering power. The diameter of nano-particle is in the range of 20-100 nm. The surface morphology has not been changed by Au ion sputtering and vacuum annealing. The photocatalytic sterilizing capability of the films is measured by Newcombe experiment. The results show that photocatalytic sterilization of the Au-coated nano-composite TiO2 thin film is enhanced compared with the single TiO2 film in the photocatalytic disinfection range,speed,and efficiency. Its killing rate to Bacillus subtilis in 10 min can achieve 90%. Based on the test results,the photocatalytic bactericidal mechanism of Au-coated TiO2 thin film is discussed.