We report a new type of ultraviolet(UV) CCD optical multi-channel analyzer and its application for detecting solar ultraviolet irradiance spectrum. Primary analysis on detection results of solar UV irradiance spectrum indicates that in the morning and in the afternoon the irradiance of solar UV is smaller than that at noon, and reverse correlates to the change of solar zenith angle (SZA). Radiation of different bands are different: long-wave radiation is generally higher than short wave radiation. Solar UV radiation spectral intensity is bated by the effects of clouds, and the attenuation depends on the wavelength and decreases with decreasing wavelength. UV-CCD optical multi-channel analyzer can be used to monitor the total amount of solar UV radiation, and to analyze the amount of radiation at all wavelengths and the relative charges of radiation at different wavelengths in different atmospheric conditions.

Spectra interpolation is used to analyze differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) spectra, which can greatly decrease the absorption elimination error of the high concentration species and achieve accurate measurements of trace compounds including NO3, glyoxal ((CHO)2 ), mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHC), et al by DOAS. The changes of high pressure Xe arc lamp (called Xe lamp for short) structure, resulting from the changes of temperature and pressure, are simulated accurately, which enables the analysis of indicator of atmospheric photochemical reaction -(CHO)2 without the interference of Xe lamp structure (more than one hundred times higher compared with (CHO)2) near 450 nm. The mass dependent absorption structure of H2O is simulated and the accurate measurement of the “cleaner” of nocturnal atmospheric pollutant -NO3 is achieved without the interference of nonlinear absorption of H2O near 662 nm and 623 nm. The mass dependent absorption of O2 and the temperature dependent absorption of O3 are simulated, which enables the accurate measurement of MAHC in the range of 250～285 nm free of the effect of much higher absorption of O2 and O3.

With the development of nano-reseach and nano-manufacture, the validity and traceability have been emphasized around the world. the Discussion Group 7 (DG7) for Nanometrology under the Consultative Committee for Length′s Working Group on Dimensional Metrology (CCL-WGDM) of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM ) has presented and organized 5 international comparisons for nano-samples (NANO1~NANO5). The comparison was dominated by Danish Fundamental Metrology (DFM). The comparison began in January 2005 and lasted for more than one year. The standard sample was transferred in 12 countries to carry out in three sequential loops. The comparison data were processed by DFM and the results were announced in July 2008. The results prove that the equipment for measuring grating pitch of NIM is accordance with the international nanometrology measurement level.

Due to the limited precision of the existing space-based time synchronization network and the emergence of optical clock, using fiber to transfer and detect time signal has become a major high-precision time-synchronization system. The principle of high precision time transfer is introduced, the sources of error in time transfer system using optical fiber are analyzed and some methods to improve the system are proposed. Meanwhile, a new coding and decoding mixed with analog and digital methods is used to design and outcome a time transfer system with optical fiber line. Finally, the experiment of optical time transfer system is carried out and the time accuracy is tested, which is approximately 200 ps while the time veracity is ±600 ps. These result are better than any existing space-based time transfer system.

Based on the Fresnel diffraction theory, a theorictical model of the millimeter wave holographic imaging radar is developed, in which the relationship about the irradiator, transition space, object back scattering coefficient, back scattering transition space and the received complex data is created. Using the model, the object image can be obtained. A simulation program is presented by the Matlab program based on the Fourier optics angle spectrum theory, which can be used to analyze the effect of each factor on the imaging quality and help design realistic radar system.

A general expression of discretional target position with its correlation peaks in correlation output is proposed based on the theory of joint transform correlation (JTC), and the single and multiple targets correlation experiments are also simulated. The characteristic of correlation peaks variation of moving targets is analyzed. The results show that dissymmetrical correlation peaks are always symmetric at two sides of coordinate centre, and the connections of correlation peaks with coordinate centre are parallel with the input target center with reference target centre. The distance of correlation peaks with coordinate center equals the input target with reference target. In addition, the correlation peaks change with the targets moving, and the value of coordinate changes are also equal.

The fly′s eye integrator is widely applied in homogeneous illuminance, but its performance decreases dramatically when the aberration of the system is large. In order to study the effects of aberration, the fly′s eye integrator is supposed to be composed by some certain sub-imaging-systems. The point diagram of grim point, distortion and the departure of sub-image location caused by aberration can influence the performance of fly′s eye integrator seriously, but the point diagram of inner points can improve the performance to some extent. At last, an example, which optimizes a fly′s eye integrator made up of two ordinary lens rather than Fourier lens by limiting the derivative of aberration, is given and validates the effectiveness of the imaging analysis and its result.

In order to overcome the technical bottleneck which limits the increase of sensitivity of the low light level (LLL) image intensifier and the infrared imaging device, the photon counting technique is applied to the LLL imaging system, which can deduce the characteristics of the objects according to the number of the photon that the detector outputs. The avalanche photodiode (APD) is used for detector and is operated in Geiger mode. It is proved that APD has high sensitivity in the order of a single photon by analyses and calculations. Under the clear starlight night sky illumination, the spectral response characterization of the APD with green vegetation, concrete, and dark green paint is studied. The spectral matching factors are 0.4972, 0.5021 and 0.4979, respectively. The utilization rate of the infrared radiation highly increases in the night sky. These results can be used to provide the theoretical basis for the night vision system construction based on APD.

The angles of optical axis in the stripmap synthetic aperture ladar(SAL) system include two aspects: the pitch angle and the horizontal angle. The horizontal angle leads to the fact that the antenna aperture moving axis is not parallel to the azimuth moving direction which causes the image distortion. Formulas are deduced theoretically on the relationship between two-axis angle and distortion, and experiments are carried out to prove this situation. The results show that the image distortion is severe in the actual stripmap SAL system. The way on image correction eliminates this coupling on range and azimuth direction, and is necessary for the complex two-dimensional imaging.

A new method is put forward to detect thermal flaw inner cylinder head on-line based on infrared thermograph technology. Aiming at some diesel engine, heat transfer rule for cylinder head is analyzed. Combined with three-dimension temperature distribution, areas in which flaws can be produced are studied and flaw inner cylinder head is machined. Testing platform on detecting flaw is set up and temperature tests on cylinder head are developed. Results show that when there is a flaw inner cylinder head, maximum temperature value of outer surface hindered by flaw will be decreased. On other surfaces, maximum temperature value will be increased, which is accordant with actual heat transfer rule.

Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometry can be applied to velocity history measurement for high-speed moving objects by using the Doppler effect. A F-P interferometer system has been developed with nanosecond temporal resolution and velocity resolution of 10 m/s. The system consists of a laser, a fiber probe, a F-P interferometer cavity and a streak camera. The fringe constant of the F-P interferometer is 1000 m/s. The interferometer cavity is a solid etalon, so the interference fringes need not to be adjusted and moreover greatly simplified the experiment operations. By using the system, the velocity measurements for explosive-driven flyers and electric-gun driven flyers are completed. The measured velocity of the explosive-driven flyer reaches 2 km/s, and the electric-gun driven flyer is 5 km/s.

One of key technologies for the manufacture of membrane mirrors is its surface shape control. The structure and function of a surface shape control system which is developed by our laboratory based on fuzzy logic control theory are described in detail. The surface shape control of membrane mirror under uniform load previously has been theoretically analyzed and simulated. Here a non-uniform load method is analyzed and simulated for the surface shape control of a membrane mirror with 300 mm aperture and different F numbers. The results of the simulation show that the RMS wavefront error of the membrane mirror under non-uniform load can be controlled and improved in two orders of magnitude compared with that of the membrane mirror under uniform load.

The spatial filter pinhole in high power solid state laser is used to filter the spatial frequency whose nonlinear growth is fast to improve the beam quality that is destroyed by optical elements defect. Thus the diameter of pinhole is the key factor related to the filtering effect. The nonlinear growth in boost amplifier of Sheng Guang(SG)Ⅲ prototype is calculated and the characteristics in different spatial frequency are analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the pinhole diameter design in boost amplifier is discussed. The pinhole closure caused by plasma and the low frequency circle in near field in pinhole diameter design is analyzed. According to the simulation results, the pinhole diameter design principle in boost amplifier of SGⅢ prototype is discussed.

The spatial filter pinhole in high power solid state laser is used to filter the spatial frequency whose nonlinear growth is fast to improve the beam quality that is destroyed by optical elements defect. Thus the diameter of pinhole is the key factor related to the filtering effect. The nonlinear growth in boost amplifier of Sheng Guang(SG)Ⅲ prototype is calculated and the characteristics in different spatial frequency are analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the pinhole diameter design in boost amplifier is discussed. The pinhole closure caused by plasma and the low frequency circle in near field in pinhole diameter design is analyzed. According to the simulation results, the pinhole diameter design principle in boost amplifier of SGⅢ prototype is discussed.

Because physical camera parameters do not exist independently in equation but couple to each other, the camera parameters obtained by existing calibration methods do not actually match their physical meanings. Decomposing parameter directly from projection matrix can cause considerable error. To cope with this problem, a stepwise method for camera calibration is proposed. Since pose estimation is sensitive to equivalent focal length, equivalent focal length can be calibrated based on pose estimation variance; then principal point is calibrated by homographic constraint; extrinsic camera parameters are calibrated by orthogonal iteration algorithm; finally the distortion coefficients are calculated. Experiments have proved this method′s correctness and high precision, and show that this method can effectively avoid coupling of camera parameters, in which way each parameter can match its own physical meaning pretty well, and can be used independently.

Sm3+-doped heavy-metal-gallate glasses are fabricated by the high-temperature solid melting method. The Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 are 3.00×10-20, 5.19×10-20, and 1.69×10-20 cm2, respectively. Then the radiative transition probabilities, fluorescence branching ratios, and radiative lifetime are calculated. Under the excitation of 488 nm bluish-green light, the fluorescence bands centered at 534, 564, 601, 648, and 710 nm are observed, corresponding to the transitions of 4F3/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, 4G5/2→6H9/2, and 4G5/2→6H11/2, respectively. The emission bands with the peaks at 960, 1038, and 1185 nm are recorded in near infrared region, which are attributed to the transitions of 4G5/2→6F5/2, 4G5/2→6F7/2, and 4G5/2→6F9/2, respectively. The observed 4G5/2→6F9/2 infrared emission lies in the low-loss window of telecommunication system, and the maximum value of stimulated emission cross-section for this transition is 6.09×10-23 cm2.

To reduce weight and improve strength in the aerospace industry, composite structure has gained popularity as a replacement for conventional materials and structures, such as adhesive bonding and honeycomb structure. However, the adhesive bonding process is more susceptible to quality variations during manufacturing than traditional joining methods. Shearography, lock-in thermography and pulsed thermography are widely used in the aerospace industry. The three techniques are often used to inspect for various aerospace applications, such as delaminations in composite structures or skin-to-core disbands in honeycomb structures. A study of detection honeycomb structures using the three non-destructive testing (NDT) methods is presented and their potential for inspecting disbanding are demonstrated. The advantages and disadvantages of these three techniques over other NDT methods are also outlined. Rusult shows that all the three NDT methed are available to measuring the bonding process, and the shearography is the best.

Focus on the requirment of pathogeny detection with high speed, high sensitivity and specificity，a novel method integrated with immunomagnetic separation and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) bioluminescence was developed. Firstly, an immunomagnetic nano probe was prepared by conjugating nano magnetic particles with antibody to capture the aim pathogeny. Sencondly, the pathogeny captured by the nano probe was lysed and the ATP was detected by biolumescence. Escherichia coli(O157H7) samples with concentration of 10～108 CFU/mL(CFU: colony-forming units) were detected. The results show a linear response to the traditional plate count method with a correlation coefficient of 0.934 within 2 h. The reproducibility was also tested by 12 samples with the same concentration of 103 CFU/mL and the coefficient of variabilty is 4.88%.

A simple thin lens optical system fully equal to selfoc lens is got by using the method of matrix optics. This equivalent optical system is composed of a positive thin lens and two same optical intervals. Under the condition of paraxial approximation, the system can substitute a selfoc lens to simplify the optical analysis of an optoelectronic system containing complex selfoc lenses. Imaging properties of a selfoc lens at various lengths are studied and the object-image relation of a selfoc lens at various lengths is presented by using this equivalent optical system. Based on this, the application of the equivalent optical system, such as fiber collimation, optical system of photocopy machine, and fiber optic coupler, is discussed.

A compact zoom lens with 2.4X optical zoom is presented. Its effective focal length ranges from 3 to 7.2 mm and its angle of field ranges from 62° to 30°. The zoom lens belongs to three-groups structure, including the first fixed group and the second and the third variable groups, and consists of four pieces of lenses. The zoom lens configuration is negative-positive-positive(NPP) type. The first lens group is a single negative lens. The second lens group consisting of two lens elements is a positive lens group. And, the third lens group is a single positive lens. The second lens group can effectively correct chromatic aberration. All lens elements are made up of plastic materials. Modulation transfer function(MTF) is used to evaluate the zoom lens image quality. The MTF of zoom lens is greater than 0.3 at 142 lp/mm in the 0.7 field of view. The total track length of the lens is about 10.7 mm. Due to its excellent image quality, the lens can be applied to many consumer electronic products.

The design of efficient matched mirrors and arrays for small angle LED is introduced. The matched mirrors include a light emitting chip, a reflector and a receiving lens. The scattering light emitted from the light emitting chip is focused by secondary match of the reflector and lens. The LED arrays are generated by permutation of several matched mirrors. The design scheme and simulation results are also presented. By the repeating technological tests and batch production tests, the design scheme of LED efficient matched mirrors and arrays is valid and feasible. The advantages of this scheme are the highly efficient collection of the light energy and the almost concentrated radiant angle. The light extractive efficiency has been greatly improved, and the secondary matched optical modules are easy to install with small size. The LED arrays provide a uniform area array illumination in the long distance, which is particularly suited to uniform illumination for middle & long distance.

According to the characteristics of most high power laser diode array/stacks only working at quasi continuous wave(QCW), the calculation method of temperature rising by measuring the spectra for thermal resistance calculation is recommended, which is simple, direct, and fast. Requirements of continuous wave operation which are conventionally needed at calculating the thermal resistance are avoided. The thermal resistance, which is calculated at different duty cycles and the same working current is, well consistent and closer to the values given in previous references. The calculation methods have actual application values in manufacture process.

The influence of transmission spectrum on the sensor characteristics including sensitivity, dynamic range and detecting is discussed, and the comparisons of sensor characteristics are realized using the transfer matrix method. In order to decrease the detecting error, the fiber grating with cascaded triangular transmission spectrum is designed by using discrete layer peeling (DLP) algorithm. Some design principles of grating structures in sensors based on the polarization dependent properties of the fiber grating are provided.

In order to complete remote sensing(RS) emergency investigation for 5.12 Wenchuan post-earthquake and secondary geological disaster, the remote sensing data sources were obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) aerial remote sensing system, which was made up of UAV and optical RS payload. The data sources got by the high temporal and spatial resolution low latitude RS sounding, were done by a series of data processing flow such as airborne position & orientation system(POS) data treatment, orthogonal projection image making, automatic image mosaic, secondary geological disaster′s type analysis and interpretation. The image interpretation results timely show the disaster situation in the key disaster area (located in An county, Mianyang city, Sichuan province). The important information of the earthquake disaster (afflicted building, landslide and dammed lakes) includes location, boundary, scale etc.

Visible scattering characteristics of a space satellite are studied based on bidirectional reflectance distribution function(BRDF). A physical model of satellite is established and spectral irradiance in the visible solar spectrum is analyzed. Measuring method of single-wavelength BRDF is extended to average BRDF in visual band. Based on empirical model and experimental values, three dimensional scattering characteristics of the satellite surface material are calculated. Spatial distribution of visible scattering intensity is obtained under the diffuse reflection and non-diffuse reflection. The result offers support for the detection and recognition of spatial objects.