Based on the operation principle of acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), a hyper-spectral imaging system with 500~1 000 nm operation wavelength and 10°×10° field of view is designed. The system is consisted of three groups of optic lenses. The fore-optical system is a focal system including objective and collimating lens, the back-imaging lens collects the +1 order diffraction beams produced by the AOTF. The whole system is optimized by ZEMAX, and imaging resolution is better than 40 lp/mm when MTF is 0.5, other aberration requirements are met as well.

f-θ lens is the most important parts of laser marking system, its performance will affect the marking precision of laser marking machine directly. The design of f-θ lens is monochromatic light with 0.65 μm wavelength, negative barrel distortion is introduced in the design, field curvature is corrected and the Zifaer field curvature is equal to zero, image quality off axis and on axis is uniform, image plane is plane and the wave front aberrations is less than λ/4. The entrance pupil is placed at the object focus, so the image telecentric beam path is formatted, main light exited through the lens is parallel to the optical axis, the height of intersection points on image plane of main light are invariant, a linear scanning process is achieved in order to ensure scanning precision. The initial structure parameters of the lens are determined through the analysis of the primary aberration and the existing optical lens library, and then optimizes the design through ZEMAX software, the system with four pieces of ordinary spherical lens is obtained. This system is compact, short focal length and its performance is within diffraction limit, and has uniform illumination distribution, concentrated energy and small relative distortion, which meets marking requirements.

A micro-meteorological monitoring system for transmission line system is presented. Optical fiber grating temperature and humidity sensors are used in the system. The surface of fibber Bragg grating (FBG) is covered by humidity-sensitive materials to transfer the humidity response to the strain response. Combined with temperature compensation, the system can effectively measure the environmental temperature and humidity.

According to the problems of irrational layout of multi-sensor and difficult adjustment of multi-axial parallelism for some T-type electro-optical turret, the influence of optical bench structure design with multi-sensor on multi-axial parallelism is analyzed. Structure layout principles and multi-axial parallelism adjustment methods of T-type electro-optical turrets are proposed. And the design ideas, layout principle and adjustment methods are applied to some T-type turret. Results show that the turret has the advantages of rational layout of multi-sensor, easy adjustment of multi-axial parallelism and higher precise multi-axial parallelism and stability.

Infrared small target detection has been the hot and difficult research of image processing, influenced by many factors, infrared small target images have the problems of low signal to noise ratio (SNR), poor-contrast and easy to be covered by background. Infrared image characteristics in sky background are researched. According to the characteristics of image scene, morphological algorithm is used to preprocess the original image and suppress noise influence. And then, using the correlation between pixels, if the same target cell, gray variance is generally gentler in horizontal and vertical directions, and the diagonal neighboring pixel difference information is used to perform infrared small target detection to noise suppressed images. Simulation results show that the algorithm is simple and convenient and can effectively extract targets.

For the problem of infrared video in maneuvering target recognition such as high noise and low contrast, an improvement approach based on Median filter algorithm is put forward to image preprocessing. On this basis, a method using the description of adaptive change background pixel number of Gauss distribution is presented to reduce background modeling time, and a new algorithm which combines the background difference method with the frame difference method is used to extract the maneuvering targets. When multiple maneuvering targets are detected, an algorithm based on the coordinates of the center of gravity connected domain mark is applied to locate the target area. Then Haar_like rectangular feature is selected to extract target features. Finally, maneuvering target recognition is achieved through supported vector machine (SVM). Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently identify people and vehicles in the infrared video in real time.

The information of the underwater acoustic field is obtained from the water surface by the laser coherent detection method. The frequency of the underwater vibration is extracted from the interference signal by the interference between the reflected light and the reference light on the water surface. The vibration features of the underwater acoustic field in the signal can be effectively enhanced by the method of spectrum analysis and fast Fourier transform (FFT) filter feature extraction method. Laser coherent detection gets the information from the water surface in real time under the condition that the vibration source is located underwater 35 cm, respectively with 1 000 Hz, 2 000 Hz and 3 200 Hz vibration. Through experimental data analysis, the results show that the laser coherent detection can effectively obtain the vibration information of underwater acoustic field, and FFT filter method can effectively enhance the features of the target.

The dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent treatment is introduced into the perovskite polymer solar cell to improve its properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to analyze the remnant PbI2 in the film after the reaction and the morphologies of the perovskite and PbI2 films are investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Current-Voltage (I-V), absorption and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements are carried out to investigate the differences of the properties between the devices with and without the solvent treatment. Through investigation, a significant improvement is found in short circuit current (Jsc) of the devices treated by DMSO and the efficiency achieved 11.1%, which has improved 17.2% when compared with the devices without solvent treatment. This method will reduce the remnant of PbI2 and change the crystal size as well as surface morphology of perovskite film, which results in an enhanced property.

With the material of natural flake graphite and polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, the compound interference material of expanded graphite and carbon fiber is developed using HClO3-H3PO4-CrO3 as intercalant and alcohol as dispersing agent. The morphology, conductive performance and millimeter-wave (MMW) attenuation performance are characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), four probe method and MMW dynamic testing systems. The results indicate that carbon fiber disperses uniformly among the expanded graphite as single fiber. Within certain mass range, the conductive performance of the expanded graphite is strengthened and MMW attenuation performance is improved obviously when mixed with carbon fiber. When the grain size of natural flake graphite is about 180 μm and the mass content of short carbon fiber with 1.5 to 2 mm length reaches 20%, MMW attenuation performance is the best.

To solve the problem that the ground camouflage target is difficult to apply threshold segmentation, the method of target edge extraction using edge detection is researched. The relative concepts of edge detection and the commonly used edge detection algorithm such as gradient operator method, LoG algorithm and Canny algorithm are mainly introduced. And experiment demonstration and result analysis are performed. Experimental results show that Canny algorithm can get better edge detection effect.

On the basis of the analysis of various image enhancement methods, a novel strategy is proposed to improve the visual effect of video by using wavelet fusion technology to perform adaptive histogram equalization and fusion process to multi-scale Retinex enhancement images, and the relative fusion rules and algorithms are deduced. Experimental results show that the nighttime image from the video surveillance system processed by the proposed method can achieve an excellent performance with clear details and natural colors, and better than the one processed by a single image enhancement method.

Image fusion algorithm based on wavelet transform is researched, and the algorithm is improved. Weighted average method is used to low-frequency parameter fusion, and high-frequency sub-image edge is extracted from high-frequency part firstly, and then variance maximum method is used to edge region fusion. Experimental results show that the method is feasible on subjective visual evaluation or objective visual evaluation such as information entropy, standard deviation, peak signal to noise ratio and spatial frequency.

A simulation image building method based on incomplete and covered target images is proposed according to the principle of photoelectric theodolite automatic tracking flying targets. Through combining and overlaying of multiple target images, various changes of the target images during theodolite tracking process are simulated. The simulation images can be used to realize target recognition algorithm testing to reflect objectively to target automatic tracking adaptive ability of the theodolite in complex background.

To improve the resolution and the speed of digital holography reconstruction, the space bandwidth product is used to analyze the application range of Fresnel reconstruction algorithm. Analysis results show that once the recording system satisfies the requirements of space bandwidth product, limiting resolution and rapid reconstruction can be obtained by Fresnel reconstruction algorithm. Meanwhile, short recording distance lens-less Fourier transform optical path is one of the configurations satisfying the requirements of space bandwidth product. Importantly, Fresnel reconstruction algorithm still can be used to reconstruct the complex amplitude of the object to be tested at short recording distance. Moreover, through comparing with Fresnel reconstruction algorithm and convolution algorithm, both reconstruction resolutions are improved, and during large value aperture reconstruction, the memory and calculation time required by Fresnel reconstruction algorithm is far lower than that of convolution algorithm.

Total integral scattering measurement devices are single wavelength and the amount of total integral scattering of multi-color light sources can not be measured. An integral sphere model is established, the light source and the material of the model are simulated and analyzed. Light source analysis includes wavelength and light source area. By analyzing the material of the model, the feasibility of the model and light path is demonstrated. According to the final simulation result, the experiment is effectively guided to build a single wavelength total scattering measurement device based on integral sphere. The semiconductor laser light source with 650 nm, 520 nm and 450 nm is chosen to obtain groups of total integral scattering (TIS) values in different wavelength. By analyzing experimental results, TIS value is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength, which accords with the theory of TIS.

The influencing factors are experimentally investigated on the output linear polarization deterioration to elliptical polarization in the semiconductor optical amplifier’s (SOA) nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). In a stable laboratory environment condition, with changing separately the initial polarization state of optical signal, SOA initial bias current and input optical power. According to the problem of output line polarization deterioration, the control variation method is used. Experimental results show that the initial polarization state of the optical signal has little influence on the linear polarization deterioration, the SOA initial bias current and input optical power play the main roles. The smaller the initial bias current or the greater the input optical power is, the more the output linear polarization deteriorates. The study would be useful for the design of the application system such as optical switch, all-optical signal processing system based on SOA’s NPR, as well as providing solid evidence for the research on the mechanism of the output linear polarization deterioration.

How to measure conveniently and accurately the motion parameters of the rotor blades of a helicopter is very important to the design and performance analysis of rotor helicopter. According to traditional measurement methods such as strain gauge and grating projection with the defects of cumbersome installation, higher requirements for testing environment and flight performance affected by measurement equipments, a non-contact rotor blade motion parameter measurement method based on 3D digital image is proposed. The method has the advantages of low requirement for testing environment, large quantity measurement parameters and large testing range. Experimental results show that the method is effective for measuring the parameters of the rotors blades.

Using angular spectrum propagation theory and thin gain approximation method, for the gain medium with different small signal gain coefficient, the positive branch confocal unstable resonator optical field mode is calculated on MATLAB platform. The phase and amplitude distribution of optical fields such as Gaussian type, Gaussian type along X direction and polarizing axis Gaussian type along X direction are obtained. Calculation results show that the distribution of the small signal gain coefficient of the gain medium has a decisive influence on the intensity distribution of the optical field.