Feature classification of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data is a research focus in the field of surveying and mapping in recent years. The corresponding relationship between LIDAR data and feature information is uncertain for the influence of data acquisition, transmission and laser characteristics. The uncertain theory plays a very important role in dealing with uncertain data. The features, characteristics, application fields of common used LIDAR data feature classification in recent years and the method of LIDAR data feature classification using uncertain theory in China and foreign countries are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed. Finally, the summary and prospect are presented.

For application prospects of multiple images measurement system in multi-spectral measurement field, and some issues in the system such as asynchronous multi-sensors, unevenness image light intensity information, inconsistency optical axis, instruments with complex structure and expensive price and uneasy to be miniaturized, a new splitting image measurement system is researched and designed based on single frame image acquiring multiple image information. A single image can be divided into four images by the splitting image measurement system, the above issues are solved and a new idea for splitting image measurement is proposed.

Most aerospace optical instruments are expected to perform over a wide temperature range. The change in temperature will cause not only the change of the curvature of optical elements as well as the refractive index, but also the change of the defocus of the image surface and therefore the degradation of performance. Based on adopted optical compensation method and with 1 920×1 080 visible high-definition CCD, an athermalized optical system working at-40 ℃～+80 ℃ is designed. The focal length of optical system is 12 mm, the F number is 4, and the field of view is 57.5. The results show that the system has a good imaging quality and the modulation transfer function (MTF) for spatial frequency is closed to the diffraction limitation over the temperature range.

In order to improve the availability of solar energy and solve the problems of time-varying and dispersion of sunlight, a kind of automatic tracking system for sunlight signal acquisition is introduced based on photosensitive resistance. A new type of eight points hemisphere sun azimuth signal sensor is designed. Through position distribution and combination of the two groups of sensors in the tracking system, coarse and fine tuning together, the sun azimuth signal is searched in a large range and adjusted in a small range so as to control the tracking system to realize tracking the sunlight accurately and automatically. The internal structure design and the principle of the sunlight azimuth signal sensor, the control process and the principle of the automatic tracking system are analyzed. Experimental results show that a high precision automatic tracking is realized in the case of low cost, a strong anti-interference and practicability, which has a very vital significance for the solar energy application promotion in the field of photovoltaic and thermal power generation.

A hemisphere long wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging optical system design is introduced. The secondary imaging structure is adopted in the system to compress the radial size of the system effectively. For wider field of view of the system, F-θ dissimilarity imaging mode is adopted. Optimization design is carried by using ZEMAX software, so the problems such as image illumination uniformity and wide field of view off-axis aberration are solved. At the same time the system is analyzed and evaluated and design results such as transfer function curves and spot diagram are presented. Only 6 pieces of optical components and 2 pieces of aspheric surface are used in the system. The full field of view and relative aperture is 184° and 1/1.93 respectively, the transfer function value in full field of view is more than 0.45 at 20 lp/mm, and good image quality is got. The total length and the longest diameter of the system are 71 mm and 30 mm respectively, the weight of the optical components is only 45 g. The optical system has small volume and light weight, which is suitable for a variety of platforms.

According to the design requirements and common structure analysis of aerospace remote sensing system, the off-axis three reflective optical system structure is chosen. MATLAB software is used to calculate the initial structure of the optical system. And the imaging quality in full field of view of the optical system is analyzed. Two measurement standards such as modulation transfer function (MTF) and spot diagram are used respectively to analyze the imaging quality of the optical system.

Based on the theory of silicon electrochemical etching, porous silicon (PS) structure is prepared through electrochemical anodization method. The diffusion limited model and Si oxidation principle are used to discuss the influence of anodization conditions on PS properties. Firstly, the influence of HF on PS porosity, etching rate and corrosion interface roughness is researched. And then, the etching characteristics of PS at different current density are researched. The results show that when PS is prepared in the 2:3 mixture (by volume) of HF (49 wt.%) and ethanol etching solution, with the increasing of current density, porosity and etching rate increase gradually. In constant current density of 55 mA/cm2, the etching rate increases with the increasing of HF volume content, while the porosity of PS decreases. PS-Si interface roughness increases with the increasing of current density and HF volume content. It has a high interface roughness and cause a crack layer of porous silicon structure when mixture (by volume) of HF and ethanol is over 3:2, the light-emitting quality of porous silicon optics will be influenced seriously.

With the rapid development of optoelectronic technology, the application of space communication technology becomes wider. The performances of low-loss, anti-interference and high signal to noise ratio are required by laser communication systems. Anti-stray light interference filter film is made to meet the requirements of multi-channel signal transmission and reception. According to optical thin film theory, the double band high pass filter film satisfying simultaneously 808 nm and 1 064 nm is designed. Using ion-assisted deposited technology and film thickness error analysis during quartz crystal coating monitoring process, a mathematical model about film fit quantitative calculation is built. And the model is used to fabricate double band-pass filter. The film system designed through the model can be fabricated easily and meets actual application requirements.

Using the three primary colors RGB in liquid crystal display (LCD) is not sufficient to display the details required in high-end applications. By using more primary colors, such as adding yellow, the four primary colors RYGB is formed, the color gamut could be improved remarkably. Firstly, the electro-optical properties of LCD are researched. And then, the influence of spectral bandwidth on LCD electro-optical properties is studied deeply. Driven by 1 kHz fixed frequency, the transmittance of LCD changes with the changing of the voltage. With the changing of the driving voltage, the transmittance of LCD changes dramatically. Furthermore, by selecting the wavelengths corresponding to the four primary colors, the electro-optical property curves are researched, and the curves changing accords with the voltage changing trends. Through researching the transmittances of four primary colors wavelength under different bandwidth, it is found that the transmittances of three primary colors such as red, yellow and green is little influenced by the bandwidth, but the transmittance of blue primary color is greatly influenced.

In view of the output signal from the capacitive grating sensor easy to be influenced by the instantaneous speed of the drive shaft during rotating shaft power test, a rotating speed calibrating device based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed. Based on the high precision photoelectrical encoder, the D-flip flop is combined with the 4~16 decoder of HCC4515B to filter peak burr output from the photoelectrical encoder. And the detailed circuit implementation scheme taking FPGA as the main control unit is given. Test results show that the rotating speed calibration device can achieve the desired effect.

In modern war, the detection and precise guidance systems have been developed from single band to composite band, which put forward higher requirements on camouflage material. Photonic crystal as a kind of artificial crystal function material, its band gap characteristics are used to realize camouflage at mid-infrared band. The photonic crystal is designed and fabricated by applying electron beam evaporation and thin film deposition technology, which is stealth at 3~5 μm and compatible with laser waveband at 0.93 μm, 1.06 μm and 10.6 μm. It is very important for aircraft nozzle position stealth. Spectrum analysis shows that the specifications meet application requirements.

In order to reconstruct the three-dimensional online shape of large object, a scheme combining stitching based on the improved Stoilov algorithm is presented. It involves two methods. The first method is that the deformed grating fringe is performed image mosaic at first, and then it is reconstructed by Stoilov algorithm. The second method is that three-dimensional construction is performed to multi-group of grating fringe respectively, and then contour mosaic is performed. Experimental results show that the two methods have better three-dimensional reconstruction capability to large objects and both have advantages and disadvantages.

The problem of synchronization transmission of signal between electro-optical bistable systems with mutual coupling is researched. The state variables of two electro-optical bistable systems are coupled to form a driving response system. Based on stability theorem, the synchronization transmission conditions of signal between two electro-optical bistable systems is determined through calculating Lyapunov exponent of the coupled laser system. Simulation results show that the synchronous transmission effect is steady.

To meet the requirements for measuring accuracy and real-time performance of linear CCD 2-axis autocollimator, a precise center location algorithm based on Guassian filtering for high-accuracy linear CCD autocollimator is proposed. Firstly, the influences of the noises in images are diminished by using Gauss-filter pretreatment. Then, the sub-pixel location of the target is acquired accurately by using barycenter method based on linear polynomial interpolation method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is fast, stable and accurate, the measure scope is ±900″ and the measuring accuracy is ±0.5″in 0.2 s (a single measurement process) using the proposed method. The proposed method can efficiently fulfill the requirements in engineering systems.

The feasibility of temperature field distribution reconstructing and its changes reconstructed by light-field probe technology is discussed. The light-field probe and CCD camera are used to obtain multiple groups of incident and outgoing light which is correspondence to each other through the target area. Fermat principle is used to establish optical path function to reconstruct the temperature field of the area. Matlab software is used for simulation. PCG iterative algorithm is chosen to solve the reconstruction problem of incomplete projection data. Reconstruction results show that the method is effective that can be used to reconstruct entire temperature field distribution. And it has some advantages comparing with traditional temperature measurement methods.

The simulation model of a ring Er-doped fiber laser based on chirped phase shifted fiber Bragg grating (CPSFBG) is researched. The transmission spectrum of CPSFBG is obtained through transmission matrix method and traveling wave rate equation is performed numerically to obtain Er-doped fiber up-level particle number, output laser power time domain variation and output laser spectrum during laser operation. The pumping source with 0.3 W power and 980 nm is used to obtain the continuous laser output with 0.078 W output and 0.02 nm bandwidth. The output laser power linearly changing with the ratio of pumping power and output coupling is analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that output laser power changes linearly with pumping laser power and there is an optimal output coupling ratio to realize the maximum laser power.

For the improvement of traditional measurement method for solution concentration, a method of measuring concentration is proposed, which is based on the Fresnel principle in optical fiber. Through the Fresnel reflection formula and the relationship between refractive index and concentration, the concentration-dependent power changes are demonstrated, and the characteristics of the reflected power changes are also analyzed correspondingly. The reflected power should change with the variation of solution concentration and keep a good linearity. Furthermore, the experimental research prove the linearity between the power and solution concentration by using the sucrose solution and glucose solution, and the linear fitting factor is more than 99%. This method can be used for on-line measurement of the concentration of sucrose, glucose and other solutions, which has high linearity, simple operation, and easy to be operated.

The reflectance spectral curve is often used to research spectral reflectance characteristic of features. According to this, 1.06 μm laser reflectance characteristic for common natural features is researched through analyzing the bidirectional reflection ratio changing with the reflectance angle of laser, which is explicit and easy to collect field data. The bidirectional reflection ratio of more than ten kinds of common natural features is measured through the field experiments, which is ordered according to the ability of laser reflectance. Research results show that natural targets such as weed, weathered rock, longan tree and shrub have stronger reflectance ability to 1.06 μm laser.

Three different kinds of contaminated mirror exposed to indoor are obtained to study the influence of contaminated particles on mirror surface scattering in optical system. Particulate distributions of three contaminated mirrors are characterized by an electron microscope. A beam quality analyzer is used to collect the specular speckle images of clean mirror and three different contaminated mirrors and the images are analyzed in horizontal and vertical directions with bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Research results show that the specular BRDF values of particulate-contaminated mirrors with different incident angles are in the same order of magnitude. From horizontal and vertical directions, the larger is the particle size, the more is the number of particles, the center of the specular BRDF changes slightly, the edge of them are volatile, and the mirror surface scattering will be more serious.

According to the requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) landing characteristics, ultraviolet imaging autonomous landing guiding technology is researched. Firstly, the ultraviolet imaging autonomous landing guiding system of shipboard UAV is constructed. And then, the feasibility of the system is analyzed through calculating. Finally, the relative algorithm about the system is proposed.