The methods and processes to prepare spacial primary mirror with the materials aluminum, beryllium, ultra-low expansion(ULE) glass, Zerodur, metal-matrix composites(MMC), silicon carbide used generally were introduced, including raw material preparation, rough machining, fine attrition, polishing and so on. The features of preparing the spacial primary mirror with different materials were summarized, and the application and development trend were viewed.

An observation experiment of aerosol optical characteristics was carried out with automatic sun tracking photometer CE-318 in November, 2007. The theory and methods of aerosol optical depth(AOD) retrieving are discussed in detail. The CE-318 was calibrated using Langley method. AOD and Angstrom parameters were retrieved based on the obtained data. The average AOD is 0.5183 at 550 nm, and the average Angstrom parameters [EQUATION] and [EQUATION] are 0.2325 and 1.3373, respectively. The daily variation of AOD and the cause are discussed. The results show that small particles are primary in Xianlin region, Nanjing, and it is important for analyzing and monitoring air pollution and improving air quality of Nanjing.

The system of automatic following measurement of atmospheric coherence length is advanced at present. It can work with mobile object. The system is analyzed and the reliability weakness of the system is identified by fault tree analytic method(FTA). Some advices are proposed to optimize the design and improve the system’s reliability. It can not only help to implement fault diagnosis, but also provide some important references to enhance the reliability of the system.

Aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer(ALTOFMS) generates large amounts of data during monitoring atmospheric aerosol particles, which can be used to determine the chemical composition and diameter of individual aerosol particle in real-time. A density based spatial clustering of application with noise, DBSCAN algorithm, is used to classify mixed mass spectral of aerosol of NaCl, CaCl and FeCl with an ALTOFMS. Compared with previous algorithms, DBSCAN can identify clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes, and it produces clusters without overlap and the continua between different types. Experimental results show that DBSCAN can classify the data into three clusters. The information can provide insight into particle sources, chemical transformations between particles and gases and distribution among or within particles.

The resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor based on distributed feedback(DFB) diode laser operating at 1.65m was described. The sensor had many advantages such as high selectivity and sensitivity, on-line and real time measurements, compact size and low cost and so on. The response characterizations of the sensor were experimentally investigated. The comparison of the two approaches, amplitude modulation and wavelength modulation, were carried out. The methane (CH) in air was measured with this sensor and the detection sensitivity of 100 ppbv was obtained.

The differential optical density can be obtained through several high-pass filtering methods based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS). Concentrations of different gases can be calculated by least square fitting method using the standard reference spectrum which is processed with the same digital filtering. Several kinds of smoothing filtering and polynomial filtering methods are used to deal with the same spectrum signal. Accuracy of the gas concentration, the standard deviation of the residual, and peak-peak values are compared. The results show that the high pass filtering method using 3-500 smoothing filtering which is repeated twice is much better than other methods. It can effectively improve the measurement accuracy and reduce the lower limit.

Imaging degradation widely exists in remote sensing images at different levels. Instances are studied to show that the influence of imaging degradation varies with quality of imaging system by simulating remote sensing process on the basis of imaging model. It appears that it is important to extract information from remote sensing imagery by a method under the consideration of image degradation. The experimental results show that the support vector machine algorithm can reduce the effect of nonlinear mixture in pixel or among pixels and improve classification accuracy, especially by combing support vector machine algorithm and image restoration method.

Due to the limited uniform field breadth, the relative radiometric correction algorithm based on uniform field two-point can only be applied to narrow swath pushbroom sensor. An improved relative radiometric correction algorithm is put forward with remote sensing image based on uniform field. In the algorithm, the eligible radiance field is sampled from one image or multi images, and the relative calibration coefficients of the detectors in the selected regions and detectors among adjacent regions are calculated. The response of all detectors in broad pushbroom sensors is relatively regulated based on the calculated relative calibration coefficients of the detectors in the selected regions and detectors among adjacent regions. The results show that the algorithm can easily realize the correction of relative radiance in broad swath pushbroom sensors with good performance.

Multi-angle polarization nephelometers are used to measure aerosol based on multi-angle scattering and polarization measurement technique. To a nephelometer, the design of scanning mechanism is critical to obtain aerosol parameters with high precision. To implement measurement demands of the nephelometer, schema of scanning mechanism is selected and implementation method is discussed. Design of scanning mechanism is achieved and confirmed.

A set of new-style portable autocontrol muti-wavalength sun-photometer based on Visual C++ is introduced, which can be real-time monitored and visualized. It can measure and display instantaneous solar radiation, heating temperature, and temperature of work field as well. It has the on-line detection function of electric engine operation, sun tracing, heating temperature et al. The new-style sun-photometer is portable, adaptable to the abominable environment, smaller and has higher ratio of performance and price. The device is satisfactory according to the analysis of the measurement results. Also the instrument calibration and its application are described.

The device that applies time resolution technology into the realization of the one-order derivative spectroscopy is presented. The prism divides the light beam with wavelength [EQUATION] that comes out of the monochromator into two beams, which are vertically parallel and have the same wavelength. Using the modulator’s ability of time resolution complementarily, two different wavelength light beams are obtained, the difference of the two beams is realized, and the first-order derivative spectroscopy is obtained. The experiment indicates that the system is able to get the first-order derivative spectroscopy which is better than the original spectroscopy in terms of resolution.

The system of pseudo-color coding of real-time image based on DSP is introduced, and the hardware designation and software realization are described in detail. The hardware is the single input and output structure with DM642 as CPU. The software is carried out in single-track pipeline way orderly. These approaches improve the efficiency of the implementation of the programs, and meet the requirements of real-time and stability. In the end, the experiments of this project and practical effects are introduced.

The effect of the polarization response is remarkabe for some of the ocean color remote sensors with high polarization sensitivity, such as Aqua MODIS. The ocean color polarizaton correction algorithm of MODIS have been operation already. However, the current implementation of the MODIS polarization correction algorithm ignored the polarization component produced by aerosol scattering. In order to assess the effect of the aerosol scattering, the coupled ocean-atmospheric vector radiance transfer model PCOART was used to simulate the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) linear polarization radiance at two case, the pure Rayleight at,ps[jere wotjpit aerosol, and the aerosol optical thickness of 0.2.