The forecasts of the optical turbulence in the marine surface layer were made in different seasons based on the products of the numerical weather prediction model. It is found that the seasonal variations of the surface optical turbulence and the atmospheric coherence length are not significant over the oceans between 30°S and 30°N, but much larger over the higher latitude oceans with weaker surface optical turbulence and larger atmospheric coherence length in the summer hemisphere but stronger surface optical turbulence and smaller atmospheric coherence length in the winter hemisphere. The surface optical turbulence strength C(2,n) in the 10 m height above the sea level is greater than 10－15m－2/3 for 10.6 μm but less than 10－15m－2/3 for 0.55 μm over the most parts of the oceans around the world. If the propagation path was the horizontal path 10 m above the sea level, the atmospheric coherence length is greater than 60 cm for 10.6 μm but less than 6 cm for 0.55 μm over the most parts of the oceans around the world. The horizontal patterns of the forecasted surface optical turbulence strength are similar to each other based on the same time products respectively from the two different numerical weather prediction models, but the horizontal pattern of the forecasted surface optical turbulence is much sharper with the higher model horizontal resolution.

A two-wavelength lidar system with two receivers was developed to measure the aerosol extinction coefficient profiles at 532 nm and 1064 nm in the troposphere. Each received channel with different field of view, can satisfy the needs of low dead zone in short-range and high detected height in long-range. Some typical aerosol profiles and optical parameters are shown and discussed. The reliability and stability of the lidar are approved.

A new dual-wavelength Mie lidar(DWL) was developed for measuring the optical properties and their spatial and temporal variations of tropospheric aerosol at 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength. Four channels are adopted to receive the far and near range backscatte■ing signals at 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength respectively. In order to enhance the capability of daytime measurement, the system employs a narrow band interference filter to separate the main backscattering signal of lidar return, including Mie backscattering signal and Rayleigh backscattering signal from all the backscattering signals including non-elastic scattering signal and solar spectrum, by using an iris to block the majority of sky background. Overall structure and specifications of the lidar are described. Lidar data processing method is also presented. The lidar system was operated at Hefei(N31°54′, E117°10′). The profile of extinction coefficient of tropospheric aerosol and its temporal-spatial distribution were obtained. Optical depth and Angstrom exponent of aerosol are also discussed. The observed results show that this lidar works well day and night, and it has ability to measure the tropospheric aerosols and to manifest the temporal and spatial distributions of the aerosols with high precision.

The relationship between backscattering coefficient and mass concentration of aerosol is analyzed in theory. Aerosol backscattering coefficients and mass concentrations in rural area of Hefei were measured simultaneously with lidar and tapered element oscillating microbalance. Based on the correlation of backscattering coefficients and mass concentrations, using the method of nonlinear least squares, an empirical formula was developed and the inversion results were demonstrated. At the same time, diurnal variations of mass concentrations of PM10 were presented and its cause was discussed, which can provide scientific base for air pollution control strategy and methodology in Hefei city.

Wavelength modulation spectroscopy(WMS) is a high sensitive spectral detection technique, and a precise signal analysis model for the typical application is the basis for system design and optimization. A theoretical description based on Fourier analysis of tunable diode laser wavelength modulation spectroscopy technique is given. The characteristics of WMS harmonics of tunable diode laser spectroscopy under sinusoidal frequency modulated are analyzed, and the influences of laser amplitude modulation and etalon effect of system various optical surfaces on the harmonic signals are studied. The formalism is not confined by the modulation amplitude, and can quantitatively elucidate WMS analysis and background signals under arbitrary situations.

Based on laser micro-Doppler effect, the detection research on the micro-vibration of moving target is developed. The results of feature extraction indicate that the time-frequency analysis method is fit for the analysis of time-varying micro-Doppler signal, and the vibration signature of the moving target can be effectively extracted.

Based on EOS/MODIS multi-channel remote sensing data, the characteristics of a strong convective cloud were analysed qualitatively according to a heavy rainfall in the northern of Anhui province from 30, June to 1, July in 2006. The characteristics of the cloud system and structure of the strong convective cloud were shown. And the strong convective cloud was verified by the ground precipitation observation data. The results show that it is one of the effective methods to survey heavy rainfall based on MODIS data in Anhui province. The rainfall intensity accords with the cloud reflectivity, cloud top TBB, two channel reflectivity difference, cloud phase, infrared temperature ratio, temperature and humidity structure of the MODIS data. The characteristics of the strong convective cloud are indicated effectively based on the MODIS remote sensing data.

Airborne directional polarization camera works with an area array CCD sensor to obtain images of three polarization directions in time-sharing mode. In this way, polarization information can be obtained. The design of this optical system, taking into full consideration of the system characteristics, consists of a lens with full vision field 80°, very small distortion and telecenteic. This system meets the design requirement of airborne directional polarization camera.

The algorithm of infrared signature of aeroplane along the line of sight is introduced. The aeroplane model is simple, helping to get the projective area of aeroplane along the line of sight. In the calculation of infrared intensity, not only infrared radiation sources including skin, spout and plume are considered, but also the effects on the infrared radiation exerted by the background radiation of the sun, the sky, the earth and the atmospheric attenuation are considered.

The software designed for the control and operation of Doppler wind lidar is introduced, which is used to control laser, X-Y scanner, dual Fabry-Perot etalon, and photon-counting card in measurements of wind. The control software, complied by Microsoft Visual Basic++6.0, is convenient with compendious interface and simple operation. Doppler wind lidar can work continuously and unattendedly in a long time.

When detecting a small slow-moving object in a low SNR multi-frame image, characteristics of size, shape and vein can not be used to distinguish the object from untrue ones formed by noises. Based on the slow-moving characteristics of small objects and the stochastic of background noises, the method of frame integral can be employed first to detect the object, followed by region growing to extract group pixels of it,and further the effects of the number of integral frames, the moving speed of the centroid and the rules of image processing on the single frame detecting probability and extractive results are analyzed and validated. By comparing the effects of one object moving at two different centroid rates, it is demonstrated that the method of frame integral can predict traces of unslow-moving objects, but the opportunity of skipping useful single frame is high.

A new type of pressure and temperature fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor used in oil wells is presented. The FBG sensing principle of detecting pressure and temperature is analyzed. On this basis, a sensor is designed to measure the parameters of pressure and temperature in oil wells. From the temperature and pressure test, the relationship between the pressure/temperature and the central wavelength of FBG is obtained, and the analytic expression of pressure-response sensitivity is found. The sensor can measure pressure and temperature at the same time. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity is 1.6357×10－5/℃ when the temperature ranges from 10℃ to 100℃, and the pressure sensitivity reaches to 1.245×10－4/MPa when the pressure ranges from 0 to 20 MPa. The sensor can meet the application in oil wells.