Based on both the theory of optical wave propagation on the slant path and the altitude-dependent model of the ITU-R turbulence structure constant, the modified Rytov method, which is applicable to the optical wave propagation on the horizontal path, is extended to the propagation on the slant path. The uniform model of scintillation index considering inner- and outer-scales is derived and obtained from weak to strong fluctuation regions with Gaussian beam incidence, and can degenerate to the result of the zone outer-scale with atmospheric structure constant. The beam scintillation index of the typical wave band with 1.06 μm,1.315 μm, 3.8 μm and 10.6 μm is analyzed. The numerical conclusions indicate the smaller wavelength, the stronger inner-scale and the inner-scale has a stronger impact on scintillation than outer-scale. But in strong fluctuation, the outer-scale effect is prominence.

An iterative radiative transfer code for computing the apparent reflectance in models of the oceanatmosphere system was described. Although the present code only adopted the scalar quantity to calculate the apparent reflectance, it has lots of advantages. Over ocean surface, reflectances include reflectance of whitecaps, reflectance of the sun glint and reflectance emerging from the water -leaving, which were accounted in this code. So the result of the apparent reflectance of the upwelling diffuse radiation at the top of the atmosphere over rough ocean surface was better. The results of the comparison between the new code with 6S code and Z.A.'s code in computing the apparent reflectance in the same condition are excellent agreeable.

The variation characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with time were studied based on Mie scattering lidar in Chengdu. The atmospheric echo wave signal was measured by Mie scattering lidar, and the backscatter coefficient was obtained by ameliorated Klett algorithm. The characteristic parameters of ABL height and the entrainment layer thickness were obtained and analyzed based on error function fitting method according to potential temperature profiles.

The relation among maximal energy Emax of laser beam, divergence of laser beam and altitude of aircraft is quantified by using USA ANSI standard when aerosol is measured by airborne environment lidar. Maximal laser pulse energy to eye safety at different height is computed when 1064 nm laser pulse energy equals to 532 nm laser pulse energy. The relation among SL (laser pulse eye safety coefficient), laser pulse energy (1064 nm, 532 nm) and height is educed, which can provide laser pulse eye safety maximal energy setting for the first airborne atmospheric detection lidar in China.

The atomic oxygen perpendicular distribution of the middle and upper atmosphere (100～500 km) is simulated quickly and effectively based on the hydrostatics and mathematics software. The simulation results are compared with the data from MSISE-90 model, and they are coincident in order with certain difference in values. Results indicate that the method can simulate the atomic oxygen perpendicular distribution in 100～500 km range on each region and any time of the earth. The influence of actual atmosphere to this model is discussed fully including photochemistry reaction, diffusion, ionization, gravity wave, et al. Other component interactions go to dynamic balance finally except the gravity wave. Vertical distribution of temperature is stable comparatively, which is the result of the balance.

MPL is an ideal tool for large-scale monitoring atmospheric aerosol profile and cloud. For the current reflecting coaxial MPL, there are still some shortages such as its high cost and the limited ability against the environment changes. A novel coaxial lidar (MPL-T) is developed in our laboratory. It is compact,stable and low in cost. The design of the MPL-T is introduced. The testing results are described and compared with a reflecting coaxial lidar system.

Several monitoring methods of ambient particulate are compared, and ambient particulate monitoring method based on TEOM (tapered element oscillating microbalance) is presented. TEOM monitoring instrument is designed and realized. Resonance mass sensor and DSP-based control unit are introduced in detail. The calibration process is described and experimental data are obtained. The results show that this monitoring instrument can measure particulate mass concentrations continuously with high precision.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer takes a significant role in monitoring the earth's environment and atmospheric pollution. Michelson interferometers are the main parts of FTIR, spectrometers. In order to provide uniform motion of the interferometer mirrors, a driving system based on ATMEL89C52 singlechip was described. With the help of laser interferogram, the system achieved not only uniform velocity but also precise position through feedback controlling. It satisfys the spectrometer's velocity demand.

Based on the spatial distribution of laser beam intensity of laser altimeter and terrain characteristics mode, the simulation process of lidar waveforms and the function of each model of simulation program based on IDL were presented in detail. The modeled and actual lidar waveform pairs were compared using the Pearson correlation, and the correlation coefficients were always larger than 90%. The variation of the waveform with different parameters of the laser altimeter and the terrain was analyzed. The simulation is a direct and effective method to model the lidar echo from arbitrary terrain, which provides an important technical mean to analyze the lidar waveforms.

Iterative spectrally smooth temperature/emissivity separation algorithm is an efficient algorithm designed for temperature and emissivity separation of hyperspectral data. The key point of this algorithm lies in the introduction of smoothness index used to evaluate the smoothness of emissivity curve, then the residual of atmospheric absorption lines is evaluated using the defined smoothness index, which is the basis of the object temperature optimization. The optimal object temperature corresponds to the minimum smoothness index.With the derived optimal object temperature, emissivity can be calculated easily. In order to evaluate the effects of smoothness index on the accuracy of ISSTES algorithm, 157 emissivity curves from MODIS UCSB library are selected to generate simulated dataset. Based on the simulated calculation, an optimal smoothness index is given.

Current atmospheric radiation transmission calculating software(ARTCS) is basically developed by Fortran. As an advanced language based on scientific computation, Fortran is feeble in interface design and human-computer interaction and so on, while Visual C++ (VC) has strong ability to realize human-computer interaction and image processing. VC and Fortran can play their respective advantages by joint programming.Joint programming of VC and Fortran, mainly based on DLL library and operating files, is not easy to extend and update. Aimed at this problem, the joint programming of VC and Fortran with the COM technology is expounded and a practical example of joint programming is given in atmospheric radiation transmission module. It is proved that the method is effective and can be widely used in the development of atmospheric correction and optical remote sensing imaging simulation system.

The UV-protective products including glasses, sunscreen cosmetics and textiles are discussed. A practical device is established and the samples at different rotation angles are measured. Results are compared with those tested by ultra-violet spectroscopy UV-3150, and the differences between them are small. Eleven types of glasses are measured, and the results show that most of glasses can limit light transmittance in the UVB(280～320 nm) part, but the light transmittance in the UVA(320～400 nm) part is high. So the UV-protective properties of glasses are not ideal. Six types of sunscreen cosmetics are measured, and the product properties are evaluated by absorbance A. Sunscreen effects tested on three types of cosmetics are disaccorded with SPF values labeled on the products, and the light transmittance in the UVA part is high. Fourteen kinds of textiles are tested, and UPF values are calculated. Results show that the UV-protective properties of the darker and thicker textiles are better, and those of cotton texiles and flax texiles are inferior. UV-protective properties of the three kinds of UV-protective products in the UVB part are superior to those in the UVA part. However, UVA is also harmful to human bodies, which should be noticed.

A design scheme of wireless data transmission system is proposed, which is based on 386EX embedded microprocessor, embedded network developing module from the Emtronix Co., and GPRS communication technology. After analysis of the characteristics of GPRS and embedded network developing module, the whole structure and soft design flow of the wireless data transmission system are described. As a part of wireless environmental monitoring system, it was applied successfully.

Wireless optical communication technology is a hot-spot problem. In order to analyze the performance of optical communication system, the effects of pointing error and background light to the BER of the PPM system are analyzed with the Webb-Gaussian model of APD and they are also simulated based on Matlab. The result shows that the pointing error must be controlled under 0.15 beam width and the amount of background photons per PPM slot must be controlled fewer than 20 to achieve 10-6 BER. At the same time, optimization of the APD's gain can depress the BER.