The laser spot echo imaging experiment was carried out on a 1 km transmission path in a turbulent atmosphere using a reentry path laser imaging detection system constructed by red laser, 3M microcrystalline prism array reflector and telephoto high speed CCD. At the same time, the scintillometer was used to monitor the changes of turbulence intensity. Firstly, the intensity distribution of the obtained laser spot image is analyzed intuitively. The difference of the laser spot pattern under different turbulence intensity is compared. Then, the probability distribution of the light intensity in the range of different turbulence intensity and different aperture is calculated statistically. The results show that the light intensity probability density function basically follows the lognormal distribution in the vicinity of the focal spot, but the area near the center of mass is in a higher degree, and its degree of compliance is negatively correlated with the size of the receiving area. At the same time, the turbulence intensity affects the difference of the normal distribution between the different positions of the spot echo plane and the different receiving area.

Numerical analysis of scattering properties of three types, nine kinds of aerosols such as continental, maritime and polar type was carried out based on the software package of optical properties of aerosols and clouds. The influence of different aerosol compositions of different types on the scattering properties of aerosols was analyzed. The scaling law about scattering aerosol optical depth varies with wavelength and relative humidity is established. The power-law wavelength dependence of scattering aerosol optical depth is not satisfied at all available wavelength, and different aerosol types have differently suitable wavelength range. Aerosol composition has a great influence on the wavelength and relative humidity change law of scattering aerosol optical depth. The scaling law of scattering aerosol optical depth varies with wavelength and relative humidity can provide reference for the study of the equivalent optical properties of non-uniform aerosol particles and laser engineering applications.

It is difficult to resolve the phase compensation problem in the coherent optical communications using theoretical analytical method. To solve the problem, the split-step beam propagation method is used to study the influence of the atmospheric turbulence on satellite-to-ground coherent optical communication. The simulation model of the laser propagation in the turbulence is established. And then the geostationary earth orbit(GEO) satellite-to-ground downlink laser propagation is simulated. The simulation results are in a good agreement with the theoretical results, which proves the validity of this method. At last, using this simulation method, the fading coefficient and bit error rate of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) coherent optical communication are calculated and analyzed.

Space-borne trace gas different optical absorption spectrometer is one of the important payloads, which is mounted on the sun-synchronous orbit. It is used to obtain the hyper-spectral remote sensing products in ultraviolet to visible band. It also can be used to monitor the global air quality change quantitatively and the global distribution and transport process of pollutants. In order to satisfy the reading and writing function of a large amount of real-time remote sensing data, the fast and effective searching and reading requirements of load data are realized. HDF5 data format is used to store remote sensing data. To test the validity of the data, based on the remote sensing data of level 0 obtained from laboratory, through the dark background subtraction, gain correction, spectral calibration and radiometric calibration and other processing, the remote sensing data of level 1 is obtained, and successfully written to the HDF5 file. This process will provide data products for atmospheric trace gases data concentration inversion when this payload is in orbit.

Sea surface temperature is of great significance in the ocean research. One way to obtain SST is through the retrieval of remote sensing data. How to construct EOS/MODIS data for retrieval of the SST based on the C# and IDL is described, the function of the software is discussed, and the data process and details of the retrieval algorithms are given. Finally, the South China Sea is taken as an example to compare the retrieval results with the observation data. The result shows that the linear correlation coefficient between the inversion results and the measured data is 0.91, and the standard error is 0.7℃. The inversion results are expected to provide reference for marine exploration.

In order to remove the influence of thin cloud on satellite image effectively, an algorithm based on Mallat wavelet transform is proposed. It’s possible to decompose the image into high frequency detail and low frequency approximation components. Based on the facts that cloud noise occupies lower frequency part in the distribution characteristics while scenery information make up the relative high part, this kind of algorithm processes cloudy zones by using linear methods according to cloud thickness in the largest scale of low frequency sub-band image. Different scales of high frequency sub-band is enhanced by non-linear enhancing operators in order to improve images’ sharpness and reduce the impact of residual cloud. Later median filtering is added to process the reconstruct image to reduce the influence of high frequency mutation cloud. The algorithm is utilized to process GF-1 images. Experiment shows that this kind of algorithm can remove thin cloud while it can also preserve image details and edges the same time, which indicates it is better than traditional wavelet transform method.

Sun radiometer is an important ground-based remote sensing device to observe atmospheric aerosol, and the calibration is a prerequisite to obtain the high accuracy of aerosol products. Field of view (FOV) is an important parameter of sun radiometer, and it is also a key parameter for the transfer calibration. Based on the calibration experiment of Sun-sky radiometer observation network (SONET) in 2016, the FOV of instruments obtained by transfer method (single transfer and the average result of historical transfer) and matrix scanning method were analyzed, and the result showed that the average relative error of the results obtained by single transfer, the average of historical transfer and the matrix scanning is within 2%～3%, and the max average relative error is 1.59% compared with themselves. The three methods can satisfy the requirements of the precision of FOV. The error analysis shows that the error of transfer calibration method mainly comes from integrating sphere radiance calibration coefficient, and the error of matrix scanning method is mainly caused by the laser beam. However, these three methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages. They can verify and complement each other, in order to obtain more accurate FOV of the instrument.

The combination of passive infrared and active microwave is a kind of dual detector. Based on the working mechanism of dual detector, the calculation and detail design of various kinds of window materials are carried out. The low loss of active microwave and passive far infrared signal is realized. The problem of the application of dual detector in the environment of explosion-proof requirements is solved by the explosion-proof box designed. It is of great significance to enhance the level of anti-intrusion monitoring technology in dangerous environment such as flammable and explosive.

Video surveillance or laser imaging is widely used in atmospheric environment monitoring, but the image quality is inevitably reduced in fog weather. In order to meet the need of contrast enhancement and noise suppression in foggy image, an improved image enhancement algorithm for foggy image is proposed. Firstly, the original image is enhanced by bidirectional histogram equalization processing and fusion. Then the same method is used to deal with the low-frequency coefficient matrix which obtained by wavelet decomposition of the last fused image. Finally the output image can be obtained by wavelet reconstruction of the processing result and the high frequency coefficient matrix. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better contrast enhancement and noise suppression performance in fog surveillance images.

Aiming at the raindrops imaging degradation of precipitation micro-physical characteristics sensor (PMCS), and considering the defocus blurring due to light source, a raindrop images restoration method based on point spread function (PSF) is proposed. Sharp images of raindrops can be obtained by the disk function. The radius of defocus blurring and thresholds of images binarization are determined by the calibration experiment of a series of glass balls, which have similar optical features with raindrops. The field experiment results show that the images restoration method can precisely correct the raindrops size and their distribution, the raindrop size distribution and rainrate measured by PMCS are in good agreement with the measurements of laser disdrometer. The application of images restoration method can promote the performance of raindrop size distribution, and other micro-physical characteristics measured by PMCS.