The distribution and variation trends of cloud amount and optical thickness over China were analyzed by using the monthly mean data of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D2 from 1983 to 2009. Results show that the total cloud and middle cloud amounts are large in southern China and small in northern China. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau there are large high cloud amount but smaller low cloud amount. The total and middle cloud amounts increased in eastern China and decreased in western China during the mentioned period, but the low and high cloud amounts decreased in most areas of China. Seasonally, the total cloud amount increased in the north and decreased in the west in spring and autumn, while it increased in most areas in summer and decreased in winter. The cloud optical thickness, which is larger in southern China than in northern China, increased in most areas. Additionally, the differences in the distribution and trends of cloud amount and optical thickness between heavily and less polluted areas were discussed by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from 2001 to 2013. It is shown that the distribution and trends of cloud amount and optical thickness over differently polluted areas of China have different characteristics.

The inversion calculation method about aerosol optical depth(AOD) and Angstrom wavelength exponent was given by using the sun photometer CE318. The aerosol optical depth and wavelength exponent in Gobi area of Xinjiang were statistically analyzed and five kinds of typical daily variation model about aerosol optical depth were given. The characteristics of season variation about daily average were given, the minimum AOD in June to August is 0.1, and the maximum mean in April is 0.73. There is an inverse correlation about wavelength exponent and AOD. The AOD in Gobi area is influenced by the particle diameter of sand dust.

Explosive Events (EEs) in the solar polar coronal hole are observed by N IV line of SOHO/SUMER spectrograph. 323 spectra of EEs in South polar coronal hole and 207 in North polar coronal hole are found. The statistical result shows that the EEs have an occurrence rate of about 10-21～10-20 cm-2s-1 and an average lifetime of around 2 min, which is consistent with the previous results obtained on the disk in quiet-Sun (QS) regions. However, EEs in polar coronal holes (PCHs) generally have a larger spatial size (～4 arcsec) on average. EEs are rarely observed near the limb. The average Doppler shifts deduced from NIV line in PCHs is red, while the Doppler shifts of EEs are mainly blue when a single Gaussian profile is fitted. The velocity of the five typical EE’s blue wing is up to 200 km/s, which is close to the local Alfven speed.

Flue gas emissions is one of major sources of environment pollution. The complex components and bad test environment bring great difficulties for the online detection. The continuous online monitoring system used for the multiple gas components analysis in flue gas which is based on FTIR spectrometer technique is introduced. In this system, the flue gas path is heated, and the multiple reflection cell is also thermostat heated. Those technologies are used to solve the problem of condensation and adsorption of flue gas in the process. The system can be used for the gas concentration monitoring of SO2 , HCl, oxynitride and the other gas in flue gas. A real-time comparison experiment between this system and CEMS was carried out with a good coincidence. The experiment shows that the online monitoring system based on FTIR spectrometer technique can be used in the measurement of concentration of multiple gas components in flue gas.

Acoustic detection sensor system based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) with double acousticmicro-resonators (AmR) is developed. The experiment for detection of H2 O and CO2 was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity and stability of the system. The results show that the noise characteristics of the double AmR configuration still agree with the single AmR configuration. The double AmRs spectrophone configuration exhibits a strong acoustic coupling between the AmRs and the quartz tuning fork, which results in about 5 ms fast response time. The normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficients (NNEAs) of the top and bottom channels are 7.8×10-9 cm-1W/√Hz and 8.1×10-9 cm-1W/√Hz, respectively. Moreover, the double AmRs provide two independent detection channels that allow optical signal addition or cancellation from different optical wavelengths and facilitate rapid multigas sensing measurements.

In order to solve the shortcoming of reflectance’s manual measurement in vicarious calibration, improve the calibration frequency and obtain substantial and continuous data, an automated sited observing radiometer was developed which has eight channels with bandwidth from 20 to 40 nm covering the spectral range from visible to near-infrared. Furthermore, the data transmission was realized through Beidou satellite. The radiometer can realize automatic observation and data transmission without man attending. The operating principle of the instrument, the design schema and the characteristics of each unit were presented in detail, following the method and result of laboratory radiation calibration. The experiment of radiometer on Dunhuang testsite was been introduced at last.

Red edge parameters are widely used to invert vegetation parameters in quantitative remote sense. The red edge position, as a very sensitive indicator for monitoring vegetation stress, is strongly correlated with vegetation biochemical components. In order to obtain the best red edge position algorithm, six red edge position extraction methods, which are red edge position maximum first derivative method, Lagrange method, line extrapolate method, four-point interpolation method, Gaussian method and polynomial fitting method, were compared for soybean leaf under higher CO2 stress. The results show that the different algorithms of red edge position are significantly linear correlation with chlorophyll content of soybean leaf. However, largest first derivative method and Lagrange method are the optimal extract methods to calculate red edge position for soybean leaf under CO2 stress. Moreover, the maximum first derivative method is more simple and stable. The results imply that red edge position changes can reflect plant chlorophyll content and can be used to monitor CO2 leakage during CCS project using aboveground plant remote sensing data.

According to target detection at sea, a method for target detection of ocean background based on polarization imagery fusion is presented. This method make use of the polarization information’s difference between the target and water, and good restrain of background noise. A group of image fusion rules are designed, and intensity of images, degree and phase of polarization images are fused by this rules. Finally, the results of fusion are tested by using the target detection method based on contour hierarchy tree. The experimental results show that the method can strengthen the target’s edge and texture features, enhance the contrast of target and background, which makes the target easier to be detected.

A design of ground test equipment for ratioing calibrator on board based on DSP chip was proposed and implemented. DSP was utilized as the core processor with upper computer communication module, lower computer RS-422 serial communication module, three wires serial communication module, analog signal acquisition module and OC drive modular. The equipment has been succeed in testing mulit-interface on board calibrator, and the function, performance and stability were validated.

A remote communication system based on Beidou short message (Sms) is designed due to data transmission problems for some field spectral observation instrument working in remote areas. Through the cooperation of the circuit board, Beidou terminal and indoor data-center software, the system can implement remote communication function. Supported by the system, instrument can work without people, which avoids frequent access to the experimental field and remove manual measurement error. The data retransmission function designed in the system can solve the problem of Beidou packet loss. At present, the system has been applied to the automated-testsite-radiometer which had worked in Dunhuang Radiometric Calibration Field, and it showed that all performance meet the requirements. In addition, the system is useful for other equipments which need telecommunication.