Atmospheric temperature profile is an important parameter for climate, meteorology and atmospheric radiative transfer calculation. Temperature profile data of products inversed from data measured by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) exists on scanning strip per 500 m×500 m with the vertical resolution of 1 km. Based on the optimal interpolation method, the monthly averaging data of ground sounding site is used to correct the MODIS-inversed atmospheric profiles. In the area with ground sounding sites, the corrected results are compared with the profiles obtained by real-time ground sounding detection of a day, and it is shown that the average error and the root mean square error decrease more than 10%. In the area without ground sounding sites, we use the weighted average data of several sites around the target area to correct the MODIS data, and compare the correction results with real-time balloons data of the day. We find that the average error and the root mean square error greatly decrease.