Retinal projection display (RPD) is one of the research hotspots in the field of head-mounted display (HMD), it can overcome the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) of the traditional HMD. In order to make the RPD small and portable, a catadioptric laser RPD system, which uses a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror as the spatial light modulator (SLM), is designed and fabricated. Firstly, the vergence-accommodation conflict is introduced and the basic principle of RPD is analyzed. Then the feasibility of Maxwellian view principle that uses a MEMS laser scanning projection as the image source is experimentally verified by the traditional RPD optical structure. And the black speckle problem is analyzed and solved. The optical design of the RPD system is finished, and the performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the small portable prototype is fabricated, whose interpupillary distance is adjustable, with a viewing angle of 30°(H)×22°(V) and distortion-free. Display performance of the prototype is demonstrated through experiments.