The air-to-ground multi-target firepower assignment is the core of the airborne multi-target attack system.The characteristics of air-to-ground multi-target firepower assignment problem are analyzed, and different optimal evaluation criteria are proposed.According to the corresponding objective functions, three air-to-ground multi-target firepower assignment models are established.Based on the adaptive ant colony algorithm, the genetic operator is used to carry out cross-mutation operation, and the pheromone updating rule is modified by referring to the idea of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm.The steps of the fusion algorithm to solve the air-to-ground multi-target firepower assignment problem are given.The effectiveness of the fusion algorithm is verified by simulation experiments.