Nano materials exhibit many excellent properties compared with macro scale materials due to their special properties at nanoscale. They exhibit good application prospects in various fields such as mechanics, acoustics, optics, magnetism, electricity, thermology and so on. In this fascinating field, biomimetic self-assembly technology of nano materials has become one of the main methods to prepare nano materials, which simulates the life activities in vivo and makes the nano materials spontaneously form stable structures based on the noncovalent bond interaction. The biomimetic self-assembly technology is an important technology in the “bottom-up” method, which is expected to replace the traditional “top-down” processing technology, and realize the construction of specific structure and function devices on the nanoscale by single atom or molecule. Moreover, although the bionic self-assembly technology is mainly chemical process, it also has physical process, and combines advantages of “bionics” and has characteristics of directional construction of nano materials, which is a hot research means of many interdisciplinary. This paper reviews different biomimetic self-assembly synthesis strategies for nano materials in morphology and performance control, including phase selective self-assembly of shielding effect, bionic self-assembly of biphase interface synergy effect, integrated fabrication of functional devices with field induced localization effect, photoinduced self-assembly and phase separation self-assembly driven by hydroxyl hydrogen bond. The characteristics of biomimetic self-assembled nano materials are summarized. This paper also introduced the application of self-assembly technology in sensors, surface Raman scattering, biomedical and other fields. In addition, the prospects for the development of biomimetic self-assembly technology of nanomaterials are prospected.