Along with the development and progress of science and technology, the image quality will be affected by variation of orbit, attitude angle and other factors, as well as tracking speed errors, platform and moving parts jitter. All of these factors will cause image motion, which will lead to image resolution reduction, image blurring and image quality declined. Therefore, how to suppress the impact of dynamic image motion becomes the bottleneck of obtaining high-resolution images. At present, the existed researches basically analyze the factors of image motion from a separate application field. They do not present the generation and compensation technology of image motion of space-based optical system systematically and comprehensively. How to suppress the influence of dynamic image shift gradually has become the bottleneck of obtaining high-resolution and clear images. Compared to the conventional ground-based telescope, the space one can get away from the distortions of the Earth’s atmosphere. So less background noise, wider optical wavebands and higher imaging precision to the diffraction limit can be achieved. This paper analyzes the various factors that produce image shifts during the imaging process of the space-based space target optical system and on this basis, comprehensively analyzes and locates the factors that affect the quality of dynamic imaging. Aiming at the problem of unclear imaging caused by dynamic image movement in the process of space high-speed moving target tracking, the degradation mechanism is analyzed, and the satellite platform disturbance, moving base tracking stability, stray light, defocusing, and imaging distance within the integration time are analyzed in detail. The influence of factors such as changes on the dynamic MTF is given, and the mathematical model corresponding to each influencing factor is given. An image motion compensation scheme based on FSM is given, which has been verified by laboratory tests and can effectively reduce the impact of image motion. During the space camera's on-orbit working process, vibration caused by reaction wheel assembles; solar panels and lower frequency can be compensated and suppressed by attitude controllers. While vibration with a smaller amplitude and higher frequency will still convey through the platform to the sensor, resulting in subtle jitter and weakened attitude stability of the sensor. Due to the tiny unit pixel view angle of high resolution sensor, jitter will lead to the image point of the ground scene indistinct and imaging quality declined in exposure time. With the development of spacecraft attitude control method, sensing, optical system design and manufacturing level, how to suppress the influence of dynamic image shift gradually It has become the bottleneck of obtaining high-resolution and clear images. In order to realize high resolution imaging, the space-based space target optical imaging system has higher and higher requirements for the spatial resolution of the payload, and a wider and wider range of motion adaptation of the space moving target. This paper sketches the mechanism of image motion influence and image motion compensation technologies. On the basis of that, this paper classifies space-based imaging according to the applications, such as remote sensing, space astronomical observation, Mars exploration and space target detection. Furthermore, we introduce in detail the research progress of image motion influence and compensation in the fields of remote sensing, space astronomical observation, Mars exploration and space target detection. This paper provides the research progress of image motion influence and compensation in the fields of domestic and international in recent years. Through analyzing the research, we can further improve our understanding of the development direction of space optical technology, and provide new methods and approaches for the development of space optical technology and equipment.