Silicon dioxide (SiO2) membrane has attracted much attention in the field of separation and purification due to its high-temperature resistance and adjustable pore size. However, the amorphous structure on the surface leads to the mutual restriction of permeability and selectivity, which affects the results of separation. A SiO2@ZIF-8 composite membrane was prepared with SiO2 membrane as abase membrane and modified with metal organic framework material (ZIF-8). The effects of synthesis condition of ZIF-8, addition amount of ZIF-8 and temperature of raw material solution on the dehydration inaqueous ethanol solution mixture under pervaporation conditions were investigated. The results show that the regular channel structure in ZIF-8 can provide additional channels for water molecule transport, the water content on the permeate side of the composite membrane is 99.5 %, the permeate flux increasesto 9.6 kg/(m2·h) and the separation factor is 1 973. A relationship between membrane permeation flux and temperature follows the Arrhenius equation. The apparent activation energy of water molecules in the composite membrane is higher, and the water flux increases faster with the increase of temperature, indicating a better separation effect. SiO2@ZIF-8 composite membrane can effectively improve the defects of amorphous network structure of silica film, which has a broad application prospect in the dehydration of organic solvent by pervaporation.