Bulk solid waste is a variety of solid waste generated in the process of industrial production, and most of the solid waste contains many silica resources and a variety of valuable resources. Calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) is a kind of loose and porous material with strong surface activity, which is widely used in cement activation, thermal insulation material preparation and heavy metal adsorption, etc. Combining the efficient extraction of valuable resources of bulk solid waste with the efficient utilization of silicon resources to prepare C-S-H is a good way to improve solid waste resources and realize the large-scale utilization of C-S-H materials. Therefore, this paper analyzes the synthesis method, structure and performance characteristics of solid waste C-S-H, discusses the application of C-S-H materials in building materials, environment, chemical industry, biology and other fields, and further prospects its future development direction, so as to provide reference for the utilization of bulk solid waste silicon resources and the controllable preparation of C-S-H materials.