In the view of geometrical optics, the imaging characteristics of the wavefront coding system suffering from primary astigmatism or primary coma are analyzed. The ray aberrations of wave-front coding system suffering from primary astigmatism or primary coma are derived. Analytical expressions for the upper and lower boundary of ray aberrations are obtained by using ray aberrations theory. In the wavefront coding system, the sensitivity to primary astigmatism or primary coma are analyzed by the way aberrations and spot diagram. When the wavefront coding systems suffer from out-of-focus and primary astigmatism, the similarity of out-of-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) has a low sensitivity to primary astigmatism while the recoverability of blurred encoding images has a high sensitivity to primary astigmatism. When the wavefront coding systems suffer from out-of-focus and primary coma, the ray aberrations have an asymmetrical distribution because the ray aberration for tangential is different from that for sagittal. Therefore, there is a different imaging characteristic between tangential and sagittal. Moreover, the similarity and recoverability of blurred encoding images have a high sensitivity to primary coma.