The efficiency of high-energy laser atmospheric propagation is closely related to atmospheric factors. The gas molecules and aerosols in the atmosphere cause the attenuation effect, turbulence effect and thermal blooming effect, and the laser power density at the target is reduced. Due to the complexity of the actual atmospheric environment, the coupling of various atmospheric factors constrains the research of high-energy laser propagation mechanism. There are many uncertain factors in the testing of mathematical physical models. The simulation of the actual atmospheric environment using the laser atmospheric propagation channel simulator controlled by atmospheric factors is extremely important for the study of high-energy laser atmospheric propagation. It can not only quantitatively explore the influence mechanism of atmospheric factors on laser atmospheric propagation, and verify the simulation results of physical models. Accuracy and improved model reliability also provide basic data for the evaluation of laser propagation effects. The design of an experimental device that can simultaneously simulate the laser propagation effects of turbulence, attenuation and thermal blooming is introduced.