Liquid crystal material has birefringence effect, so the polarized light occurs at different levels of birefringence in all directions in liquid crystal material, which determines the viewing angle characteristic and the contrast of LCD are different along with the change of viewing angles. The electro-optical characteristics of the negative VA-LCD under different driving voltages and the electro-optical characteristics along with the change of viewing angles are tested by a grating spectrograph to analyze electro-optical characteristics and viewing angles of the three primary colors of the negative VA-LCD. The results show that the transmittance of three primary colors is low under 2.2 V driving voltage, when the driving voltage exceeds 2.2 V, the transmittance increases with the increase of the voltage. The transmittance of red and green primary color increases all along, and reach 5.0 V are leveling off, but the transmittance of blue primary color is the maximum at 3.7 V, then become smaller, and then tends to a stable value at 6.0 V. In the viewing angles of the three primary colors of the negative VA-LCD, the viewing angle coverage of the red primary color is the widest, and the viewing angle coverage of the green primary color is wider and the viewing angle coverage of the red primary color is the narrowest.