With the development of industry, large amounts of lead-containing wastes have been discharged into the environment, causing severe pollution to water bodies. This study used carbonated recycled concrete fines (CRCF) as an adsorbent to conduct adsorption tests on lead contaminated solutions prepared with lead nitrate, and tested and analyzed its phase, microstructure, and stability of CRCF. The results indicated that CRCF possessed outstanding adsorption capacity for Pb2+, achieving a removal rate of 93.1% (mass fraction, the same below) after 24 h. The CRCF has high adsorption stability for Pb2+, with only negligible amounts of Pb2+ leaching after adsorption. In the adsorption reaction, Pb2+is electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of CRCF, undergoes ion exchange with CRCF, and forms carbonate precipitation on the surface, ultimately mainly fixed in the form of carbonate in CRCF. CRCF can be used as a low-cost and efficient adsorbent for Pb2+, which can be effectively applied to the treatment of lead containing wastewater and achieve waste resource reuse.