The deployment of fiber optic sensor IoT nodes is crucial for ensuring the efficient operation of the Internet of Things, but during the deployment process, issues such as low IoT coverage and high node energy consumption are prone to occur. Therefore, in order to effectively solve this problem, a deployment model for fiber optic sensor IoT nodes based on blockchain technology is proposed. Utilizing blockchain technology to construct a joint environment perception model for the Internet of Things, and obtaining perception information of fiber optic sensors in the Internet of Things environment; Construct an optimized deployment model for fiber optic sensor IoT nodes based on perceived environmental information, reducing node energy consumption and deployment time; The model is solved using the Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm to achieve the optimal deployment of fiber optic sensor IoT nodes. The experimental results of Retina Cortex show that the proposed method can improve the operational life of the Internet of Things, with a coverage rate of over 75% and a node residual rate of over 0.6%, indicating high deployment efficiency.