In order to study the effects of laser peening on properties of 6082 aluminum alloy, 6082 aluminum alloy coupons are treated by Nd∶YAG laser system with the wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse width of 15 ns and pulse energy of 0~8 J. Surface roughness, micro- hardness, residual stress and fatigue life with different laser peening parameters are tested by roughness tester, micro- hardness tester, X- ray diffraction machine and fatigue machine, respectively. The experimental results show that the generated pits and microstructures make the surface uneven, surface roughness increasing about 2 times, also plastic deformation and hardening layer are induced, surface micro- hardness increasing up to about 43% , max compressive residual stress increasing up to - 261 MPa , depth of hardened layer being about 700 μm, and the fatigue life increasing about 6.8 times with the laser energy of 7 J and shock impact times of 4. So laser peening can improve properties of 6082 aluminum alloy significantly.