To solve the problem of low resolution of catadioptric omnidirectional imaging, a system of catadioptric omnidirectional compressive imaging system based on coded aperture is designed. After the analysis of the relationship between point spread function and measurement matrix, the design of coded aperture pattern based on random point spread function is proposed. The coded aperture is programmably controlled with the relay lens and spatial light modulator. The high resolution of omnidirectional image is sparsely reconstructed based on omnidirectional total variation combined the characters of catadioptric imaging. The optic imaging platform is built to verify the effectiveness and practicability of catadioptric omnidirectional compressive imaging through the simulation experiment and actual equipment. The problem of low resolution of catadioptric omnidirectional imaging is solved effectively. The proposed method has important meaning in promoting the applications of catadioptric omnidirectional imaging in related fields.