The double exponential pulse waveform developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission is used to simulate the nuclear electromagnetic pulse, and the amplitude, spectrum, and phase of the main harmonic components of the waveform are analyzed. A dipole antenna model and a three-dimensional human body model are established in the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics. Through the coupling modules of electromagnetic and thermal fields, the induced electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity, specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature distribution in human tissues were obtained. The results are compared with the "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields" established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The results showed that when the human body is 1 km away from the exposure source, the induced electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity, local maximum SAR value, and average SAR value are 88.8 V/m, 0.58 A/m, 0.66 W/kg, and 0.011 W/kg, respectively. The electric and magnetic fields exceed the ICNIRP limits of 59.8 V/m and 0.22 A/m, respectively. However, at a distance of 10 km, the electric field, magnetic field, local maximum SAR value, and average SAR value all meet the safety limits. The temperature rise in human tissues is mainly concentrated in the brain, and after an exposure time of 6 minutes, the temperature rise is 0.217 1 ℃, which meets the ICNIRP's local temperature rise limit of 2 ℃ and core temperature rise limit of 1 ℃. This study provides a scientific basis for the health risk assessment of electromagnetic exposure in the human body in a nuclear electromagnetic pulse environment.