In the complex practical application of optical fiber sensing system, it is necessary to accurately identify and locate the adjacent multiple disturbance points on the same optical fiber. Based on the background of external disturbance identification of sensing technology, combined with the structure of optical fiber sensing system, the typical curves of vibration and non vibration regions of optical fiber sensing signal are obtained, and the error cumulative value algorithm of single peak signal is proposed. On the basis of the characteristics of multi peak signal, the separation algorithm of multi peak signal is obtained by combining Gauss equation and Lorentz equation. The experimental results show that the algorithm of error cumulative value of single peak signal can simultaneously recognize the accuracy of interference location and the real-time performance of the system, and the separation algorithm of multi peak signal can separate two independent interference signals and extract the equation. This scheme can effectively improve the recognition accuracy when the signal peaks overlap more or other signals interfere.