Multicolor imaging is an important extension of super-resolution microscopy, which greatly enhances the investigation ability of the relationship between localization and interaction of sub-cellular structures. Therefore, it is beneficial for researchers to go deep into understanding of complicated biological phenomena and processes in cells. Based on the special working principle of single-molecule localization super-resolution microscopy (SMLM), several characteristic multicolor imaging technologies including excitation-dependent, activation-dependent, split-dependent multicolor SMLM and so on are accomplished. In this paper, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages among six main multicolor SMLM from the views of color separation ability, spectrum cross-talk and data collection efficiency. In addition, we discuss the cell fixation method in relation to the multicolor imaging. This review may be helpful for researchers to seek suitable and reliable multicolor imaging methods to study corresponding scientific problem according to their own experimental conditions.